Complex economic activities concentrate in large cities
| Autor: | Balland, Pierre Alexandre, Jara-Figueroa, Cristian, Petralia, Sergio G., Steijn, Mathieu P.A., Rigby, David L., Hidalgo, César A., Section Economic Urban Transitions, Section Geography and Education, Economic Urban Transitions, UU LEG Research UUSE Multidisciplinary Economics |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Section Economic Urban Transitions, Section Geography and Education, Economic Urban Transitions, UU LEG Research UUSE Multidisciplinary Economics, Spatial Economics, Utrecht University [Utrecht], MIT media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Manchester Institute of Innovation Research (MIoIR), Manchester Business School (MBS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
FOS: Computer and information sciences
Social psychology (sociology) Physics - Physics and Society Social Psychology Population FOS: Physical sciences Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) Gross domestic product 03 medical and health sciences Behavioral Neuroscience 0302 clinical medicine Urbanization Economic geography education Paper manufacturing ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS 030304 developmental biology Social and Information Networks (cs.SI) 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study Variance (land use) Computer Science - Social and Information Networks [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance Metropolitan area SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Spatial inequality 8. Economic growth Business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Nature Human Behaviour, 4(3), 248-254. Springer Nature Nature Human Behaviour Nature Human Behaviour, Nature Research 2020, 4, pp.248-254. ⟨10.1038/s41562-019-0803-3⟩ Nature Human Behaviour. Nature Publishing Group Balland, P A, Jara-Figueroa, C, Petralia, S G, Steijn, M P A, Rigby, D L & Hidalgo, C A 2020, ' Complex economic activities concentrate in large cities ', Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 248-254 . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0803-3 |
| ISSN: | 2397-3374 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41562-019-0803-3⟩ |
| Popis: | Human activities, such as research, innovation and industry, concentrate disproportionately in large cities. The ten most innovative cities in the United States account for 23% of the national population, but for 48% of its patents and 33% of its gross domestic product. But why has human activity become increasingly concentrated? Here we use data on scientific papers, patents, employment and gross domestic product, for 353 metropolitan areas in the United States, to show that the spatial concentration of productive activities increases with their complexity. Complex economic activities, such as biotechnology, neurobiology and semiconductors, concentrate disproportionately in a few large cities compared to less--complex activities, such as apparel or paper manufacturing. We use multiple proxies to measure the complexity of activities, finding that complexity explains from 40% to 80% of the variance in urban concentration of occupations, industries, scientific fields and technologies. Using historical patent data, we show that the spatial concentration of cutting-edge technologies has increased since 1850, suggesting a reinforcing cycle between the increase in the complexity of activities and urbanization. These findings suggest that the growth of spatial inequality may be connected to the increasing complexity of the economy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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