Acute toxicity testing of chemicals—Opportunities to avoid redundant testing and use alternative approaches
| Autor: | Ian Indans, Michael R. Woolhiser, Ian C. Dewhurst, Jon A. Hotchkiss, Lesley Earl, Robert Guest, Richard Billington, Sean C. Gehen, Stuart Creton |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: |
Protocol (science)
Inhalation Exposure medicine.medical_specialty business.industry Administration Topical International Cooperation Administration Oral Animal Testing Alternatives Skin Irritancy Tests Toxicology Risk Assessment Acute toxicity Surgery Toxicity Tests Acute medicine Animals Humans Dermal toxicity Animal testing Adverse effect business Intensive care medicine Risk assessment Acute toxicity testing Animal use |
| Zdroj: | Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 40:50-83 |
| ISSN: | 1547-6898 1040-8444 |
| DOI: | 10.3109/10408440903401511 |
| Popis: | Assessment of the acute systemic oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicities, skin and eye irritancy, and skin sensitisation potential of chemicals is required under regulatory schemes worldwide. In vivo studies conducted to assess these endpoints can sometimes be associated with substantial adverse effects in the test animals, and their use should always be scientifically justified. It has been argued that while information obtained from such acute tests provides data needed to meet classification and labelling regulations, it is of limited value for hazard and risk assessments. Inconsistent application of in vitro replacements, protocol requirements across regions, and bridging principles also contribute to unnecessary and redundant animal testing. Assessment of data from acute oral and dermal toxicity testing demonstrates that acute dermal testing rarely provides value for hazard assessment purposes when an acute oral study has been conducted. Options to waive requirements for acute oral and inhalation toxicity testing should be employed to avoid unnecessary in vivo studies. In vitro irritation models should receive wider adoption and be used to meet regulatory needs. Global requirements for sensitisation testing need continued harmonisation for both substance and mixture assessments. This paper highlights where alternative approaches or elimination of tests can reduce and refine animal use for acute toxicity requirements. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|