In vitro aerosol deposition in the oropharyngeal region for Staccato loxapine
| Autor: | Dan J. Myers, Peter D. Noymer, Khe V. Dinh, James Cassella |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Meteorology Airflow Pharmaceutical Science Oropharynx Staccato Vaporization Administration Inhalation Humans Pharmacology (medical) Computer Simulation Particle Size Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) Aerosols Chemistry Nebulizers and Vaporizers Temperature Humidity Loxapine respiratory system Aerosol Volumetric flow rate Respiratory Mechanics Particle size Rheology Deposition (chemistry) Biomedical engineering Antipsychotic Agents |
| Zdroj: | Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery. 23(4) |
| ISSN: | 1941-2703 |
| Popis: | The Staccato system employs a thermal vaporization technology to generate pure drug aerosols with a particle size optimized for alveolar deposition, leading to rapid absorption of the drug into the systemic circulation. Unlike most traditional aerosol-generation techniques, the particle size of the thermally generated aerosols is significantly affected by the airflow rate going through the device. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of flow rate and other operating conditions on predicted oropharyngeal and lung deposition when using the Staccato system.In vitro oropharyngeal deposition was measured at airflow rates of 15-80 L/min through the device. Oropharyngeal deposition was also measured for different inhalation profiles, different ambient temperatures and humidities, and device orientations. Deposition was measured using the Alberta geometry model, which was derived based on information available in the literature, CT scans of patients, and observations of living subjects.Deposition in the oropharyngeal geometry was consistently approximately 11% of the emitted dose throughout the entire range of flow rates. Such consistency in deposition was due to the fact that mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) varied inversely as the square root of the flow rate, resulting in an approximately constant value for the inertial deposition parameter. Thus, an increase in flow rate, which would increase the momentum of a fixed particle size and generally lead to higher oropharyngeal deposition, was almost exactly counterbalanced by the accompanying decrease in MMAD. Results also showed that deposition in the oropharyngeal region was unaffected by other potentially relevant factors such as different airflow ramp rates, inhalation time, ambient temperature and relative humidity, and device orientations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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