| Popis: |
Fatty acids are widely distributed in nature. In addition to being found in plants and seeds, these organic compounds are present in other organisms, from unicellular protists to mammals, including humans. The anabolic and catabolic pathways of fatty acids have been identified. They have a well-known function as energy sources in metabolic processes and constitute a fundamental part of cellular membrane structures. Long-chain fatty acids also play a role in inflammatory process. Fatty acids exert their actions by modifying the fluidity of membranes, exerting marked actions on membrane ionic channels, and leading to a reduction in the excitability of cardiac myocytes, thus prompting interest in the study of fatty acids as protectors of cardiac function. Fatty acids exert similar actions on membrane neurons and the modulation of neurotransmission. The role of fatty acids in several psychiatric and neurologic conditions is a topic of current research. Fatty acid deficiency appears to be related to alterations in development, but the results from supplementary diet studies are far from conclusive. Interestingly, fatty acids are present in amniotic fluid, colostrum, and maternal milk in at least two mammalian species (i.e., pigs and humans) and according to both anecdotal and experimental reports appear to produce anxiolytic effects. Additionally, fatty acids exert effects when applied by the olfactory route. Odorant carrier proteins to olfactory receptors are present in maternal fluids and nasal mucosa epithelia. In newborns, fatty acids may also act as olfactory cues for feeding source seeking after exposure during prenatal life, which may constitute an additional function. |
