Structural and Kinetic Study of the Extended Active Site for Proton Transfer in Human Carbonic Anhydrase II
| Autor: | Wilton Williams, David N. Silverman, Robert McKenna, S. Z. Fisher, Mavis Agbandje-McKenna, Chingkuang Tu, John F. Domsic |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Proton
Protein Conformation Carbonic anhydrase II Inorganic chemistry chemistry.chemical_element Zinc Carbonic Anhydrase II Biochemistry Article Protein structure Catalytic Domain Proton transport Side chain Humans biology Hydrogen bond Water Active site Hydrogen Bonding Kinetics Crystallography Amino Acid Substitution chemistry biology.protein Protons |
| Zdroj: | Biochemistry. 49:6394-6399 |
| ISSN: | 1520-4995 0006-2960 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/bi1007645 |
| Popis: | The catalysis of CO2 hydration by human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) is limited in maximal velocity by proton transfer from a zinc-bound water molecule to the proton shuttle His64. This proton transfer occurs along a hydrogen-bonded water network, leading to the proton shuttle residue His64, which in turn transfers the proton to bulk solvent. The side chain of His64 occupies two conformations in wild-type HCA II, pointing inward toward the zinc or outward toward bulk solvent. Previously, several studies have examined the roles of residues of the active-site cavity that interact with the solvent-mediated hydrogen-bonded network between His64 and the zinc-bound water. Here these studies are extended to examine the effects on proton transfer by mutation at Lys170 (to Ala, Asp, Glu, and His), a residue located near the side chain of His64, but over 15 Å away from the active site zinc. In all four variants, His64 is observed in the inward conformation associated with a decrease in the pKa of His64 by as much as 1.0 unit and an increase in the rate constant for proton transfer to as much as 4 μs−1, approximately five-fold larger than wild-type HCA II. The results show a significant extension of the effective active site of HCA II from the zinc-bound water at the base of the conical cavity in the enzyme to Lys170 near the rim of the cavity. These data emphasize that the active site of HCA II is extended to include residues that, at first glance, appear to be too far from the active site to exert any catalytic effects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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