Estimation of rainwater harvesting potential for emergency water demand in the era of COVID-19. The case of Dilla town, Southern, Ethiopia
| Autor: | Renay Van Wyk, Belay Negassa Gondol, Zeleke Girma Abate, Abriham Shiferaw Areba, Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Habtamu Temesgen, Mekonnen Birhanie Aregu, Zemachu Ashuro Lagiso |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) HAU African Union UNHCR United Nations high commissioner for refugees Water source ENMA Ethiopian National Meteorology Agency Rainwater harvesting Management Monitoring Policy and Law Article WHO World Health Organization WASH water sanitation and hygiene COV coefficient of variation CWC Colombian water center CDC center for disease control GE1-350 IPC infection prevention and control PHEIC public health emergency of international concern Waste Management and Disposal CFR case fatality rate Estimation Global and Planetary Change RWH rainwater harvesting AWWA American water works association MHRW monthly harvest-able rainwater COVID-19 Emergency water demand LCL lower confidence limit AUST Adama University of science and technology MME maximum error estimate UCL upper confidence limit Pollution Dilla Water demand Environmental sciences Geography Vocational education UNICEF United Nations international children's emergency fund Ethiopia INEE Inter-agency network in emergencies Water resource management |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Challenges Environmental Challenges, Vol 3, Iss, Pp 100077-(2021) |
| ISSN: | 2667-0100 |
| Popis: | Safe and adequate quantity of water is crucial for the implementation of infection prevention and control measures during the prevention of COVID-19. Rainwater harvesting could be an optional water source to fulfill or support the emergency water demand in areas where there is abundant rainfall. The study aimed to assess the rainwater harvesting potential and storage requirements for households and selected institutions and to determine its adequacy to satisfy the emergency water demand for the prevention of COVID-19 in Dilla town, Southern Ethiopia. Rainwater harvesting potential for households and selected institutions were quantified using 17 years’ worth of rainfall data from the Ethiopian Meteorology Agency. To address the rainfall variability, we computed the confidence limits of monthly harvest-able rainwater potential using confidence intervals about the mean as well as confidence intervals using Coefficient of Variation (COV) of monthly rainfall. The storage requirements were also estimated by considering the driest and west seasons and months. The average annual rainfall in Dilla town was 1464 mm. Households with a roof area of 40 and 100 m2 have the potential to harvest 7.2–39.66 m3 and 19.11–105.35 m3 of rainwater respectively. Similarly, the rainwater harvesting potential for the selected institutions was in the range of 34524.5–190374.5, 4070.8–14964.8 , 1140.4–6288.6, 4561.7–25154.3, 5605.8–14152.8 , and 402.4–2219.1 m3 of rainwater for colleges, vocational schools, secondary schools, primary schools, Dilla University Referral Hospital and health centers respectively. These institutional rainwater harvesting potentials can address, 24–132.2, 222.4 –817.8, 59.4–327.3, 34.6–190.9, 94.5–238.5, and 28.2–155.7 % of the colleges, vocational schools, secondary schools, primary schools, Dilla University referral hospital, and, health centers emergency water demand respectively. Rainwater can be an alternative water source for the town in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Further applied researches must be conducted that can address the rainwater quality and treatment for ease of use. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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