Heavy metal pollution and spatial distribution in surface sediments of Mustafakemalpaşa stream located in the world's largest borate basin (Turkey)
| Autor: | Philip Isaac Omwene, Mehmet Salim Öncel, Mehmet Kobya, Meltem Çelen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Pollution
Geologic Sediments Environmental Engineering Turkey 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis media_common.quotation_subject Drainage basin Industrial Waste Weathering 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Rivers Metals Heavy Borates Cluster Analysis Environmental Chemistry Coal Leachate 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common geography geography.geographical_feature_category business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Sediment General Medicine General Chemistry Contamination Environmental chemistry Enrichment factor business Water Pollutants Chemical Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Chemosphere. 208:782-792 |
| ISSN: | 0045-6535 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.031 |
| Popis: | Mining activities in addition to the geology of Mustafakemalpasa catchment have for long been linked to its deteriorating water and sediment quality. This study assessed contamination levels of heavy metals and other major elements (Pb, As, B, Cd, Zn, Cr, Mo, Co, Ni, Cu, and Ag) in surface sediments of the area, and identified possible pollution sources. Sediment quality indicators, such as contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and sediment quality guidelines were used, in addition to multivariate statistical technics; Pearson Correlation Matrix (PCM), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). The highest contamination (annual average > 110 mg kg−1) was revealed by B, Cr, Ni, Zn and As. Moreover, As, Cd and Ni levels exceeded their respective probable effect concentrations (PEC), posing a potential negative impact to biota. The highest Igeo values were recorded for Cr, B, Ni, As and Zn, and occurred near urban settlements and mining sites, particularly of coal and chromium. The present study also suggests use of site rank index (SRI) as an alternative to pollution load index (PLI), since the former is derived from the data of interest and eliminates arbitrary classifications. The sources of heavy metals in the sediments were attributed to fly ashes of coal-powered plants, urban waste leachate and weathering of sulfide ore minerals for Pb, Zn and Cu; urban-industrial wastes and mining wastes for Ni. Although Cr, As, Cd and B were ascribed to natural occurrence, their presences in river sediment is accelerated by mining. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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