Evolution of Transcription Activator-Like Effectors in Xanthomonas oryzae
| Autor: | Jens Boch, Maik Reschke, Annett Erkes, Jan Grau |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Transcription Activator-Like Effectors Xanthomonas Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften Biologie plant-pathogen interaction plant–pathogen interaction Biology 01 natural sciences DNA sequencing Evolution Molecular 03 medical and health sciences Xanthomonas oryzae Bacterial Proteins Tandem repeat Transcription (biology) ddc:570 Genetics transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) Codon Gene Phylogeny Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Plant Diseases Repetitive Sequences Nucleic Acid Effector food and beverages Oryza evolution of TALEs biology.organism_classification 030104 developmental biology evolutionary mechanisms transcriptional response Research Article 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Genome Biology and Evolution 9 (2017), Nr. 6 Genome Biology and Evolution |
| DOI: | 10.15488/4791 |
| Popis: | Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are secreted by plant–pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria into plant cells where they act as transcriptional activators and, hence, are major drivers in reprogramming the plant for the benefit of the pathogen. TALEs possess a highly repetitive DNA-binding domain of typically 34 amino acid (AA) tandem repeats, where AA 12 and 13, termed repeat variable di-residue (RVD), determine target specificity. Different Xanthomonas strains possess different repertoires of TALEs. Here, we study the evolution of TALEs from the level of RVDs determining target specificity down to the level of DNA sequence with focus on rice-pathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) strains. We observe that codon pairs coding for individual RVDs are conserved to a similar degree as the flanking repeat sequence. We find strong indications that TALEs may evolve 1) by base substitutions in codon pairs coding for RVDs, 2) by recombination of N-terminal or C-terminal regions of existing TALEs, or 3) by deletion of individual TALE repeats, and we propose possible mechanisms. We find indications that the reassortment of TALE genes in clusters is mediated by an integron-like mechanism in Xoc. We finally study the effect of the presence/absence and evolutionary modifications of TALEs on transcriptional activation of putative target genes in rice, and find that even single RVD swaps may lead to considerable differences in activation. This correlation allowed a refined prediction of TALE targets, which is the crucial step to decipher their virulence activity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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