Raw and biologically treated paper mill wastewater effluents and the recipient surface waters: Cytotoxic and genotoxic activity and the presence of endocrine disrupting compounds
| Autor: | Bojana Žegura, Metka Filipič, Damjan Balabanič, Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Paper
0301 basic medicine Environmental Engineering Endocrine Disruptors Wastewater 010501 environmental sciences medicine.disease_cause Waste Disposal Fluid complex mixtures 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences medicine Humans Environmental Chemistry Bioassay Waste Management and Disposal Effluent 0105 earth and related environmental sciences business.industry Chemistry digestive oral and skin physiology technology industry and agriculture food and beverages Paper mill Hep G2 Cells Contamination Pollution Comet assay 030104 developmental biology Environmental chemistry business Surface water Water Pollutants Chemical Genotoxicity DNA Damage Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Science of The Total Environment. 574:78-89 |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| Popis: | Paper mill effluents are complex mixtures containing different toxic compounds including endocrine-disrupting (EDCs) and genotoxic compounds. In the present study non-concentrated raw and biologically treated wastewaters from two paper mill plants with different paper production technologies i) Paper mill A uses virgin fibres, and ii) Paper mill B uses recycled fibres for paper production and the corresponding receiving surface waters, were assessed for their cytotoxic/genotoxic activity with SOS/umuC, Ames MPF 98/100 Aqua, and comet assay with human hepatoma HepG2 cells. In addition the levels of seven selected EDCs were quantified in wastewater samples and receiving surface waters. All investigated EDCs were confirmed in raw and biologically treated effluents from both paper mills with concentrations being markedly higher in Paper mill B effluents. In the receiving surface waters three of the studied EDCs were determined downstream of both paper mills effluent discharge. The wastewater samples and the recipient surface water samples from Paper mill A were not mutagenic for bacteria and did not induce DNA damage in HepG2 cells. On the contrary, half of the raw wastewater samples from Paper mill B were mutagenic whereas biologically treated wastewater and the recipient surface water samples were negative. In HepG2 cells most of the raw and biologically treated wastewater samples from Paper mill B as well as surface water samples collected downstream of Paper mill B effluent discharge induced DNA damage. The results confirmed that genotoxic contaminants were present only in wastewaters from Paper mill B that uses recycled fibres for paper production, and that the combined aerobic and anaerobic wastewater treatment procedure efficiently reduced contaminants that are bacterial mutagens, but not those that induce DNA damage in HepG2 cells. This study highlights that in addition to chemical analyses bioassays are needed for a comprehensive toxicological evaluation of complex wastewater samples. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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