Mass transport induced asymmetry in charge/discharge behavior of liquid metal batteries
| Autor: | Tom Weier, Norbert Weber, Michael Nimtz, Steffen Landgraf, Paolo Personnettaz |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Convection
Battery (electricity) Liquid metal Materials science Density gradient 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Physics::Fluid Dynamics lcsh:Chemistry electrorefining overvoltage liquid electrode Thermal Electrochemistry Concentration polarization mass transport Charge (physics) solutal convection 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 0104 chemical sciences lcsh:Industrial electrochemistry lcsh:QD1-999 Chemical physics Electrode 0210 nano-technology liquid metal batteries lcsh:TP250-261 |
| Zdroj: | Electrochemistry Communications 105(2019), 106496 Electrochemistry Communications, Vol 105, Iss, Pp-(2019) |
| Popis: | Mass and charge transport in liquid metal batteries are closely intertwined because of the fully liquid interior of the cells. We found that charging and discharging cycles may show pronounced asymmetries. They are caused by the presence (charge) or absence (discharge) of solutal convection. While the direction of thermal gradients in the positive electrode of a liquid metal battery depends on boundary conditions and thermodynamics in a non-trivial manner, the solutal gradient predictably changes direction from charge to discharge. The unstable density distribution during charge drives a flow strong enough to prevent any concentration polarization. In contrast, during discharge, the stable density gradient suppresses convection and leads to a substantial mass transport overvoltage. We illustrate this scenario by experimental data, numerical simulations and a physical model. Keywords: Electrorefining, Liquid electrode, Liquid metal batteries, Mass transport, Overvoltage, Solutal convection |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|