Cocaine addiction as a homeostatic reinforcement learning disorder

Autor: Audrey Durand, Boris Gutkin, Girardeau Paul, Mehdi Keramati, Serge H. Ahmed
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives & Computationnelles (LNC2), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Medialis, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2017
Předmět:
Zdroj: Psychological Review
Psychological Review, American Psychological Association, 2017, 124 (2), pp.130-153. ⟨10.1037/rev0000046⟩
ISSN: 0033-295X
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/rev0000046⟩
Popis: Drug addiction implicates both reward learning and homeostatic regulation mechanisms of the brain. This has stimulated 2 partially successful theoretical perspectives on addiction. Many important aspects of addiction, however, remain to be explained within a single, unified framework that integrates the 2 mechanisms. Building upon a recently developed homeostatic reinforcement learning theory, the authors focus on a key transition stage of addiction that is well modeled in animals, escalation of drug use, and propose a computational theory of cocaine addiction where cocaine reinforces behavior due to its rapid homeostatic corrective effect, whereas its chronic use induces slow and long-lasting changes in homeostatic setpoint. Simulations show that our new theory accounts for key behavioral and neurobiological features of addiction, most notably, escalation of cocaine use, drug-primed craving and relapse, individual differences underlying dose-response curves, and dopamine D2-receptor downregulation in addicts. The theory also generates unique predictions about cocaine self-administration behavior in rats that are confirmed by new experimental results. Viewing addiction as a homeostatic reinforcement learning disorder coherently explains many behavioral and neurobiological aspects of the transition to cocaine addiction, and suggests a new perspective toward understanding addiction. (PsycINFO Database Record
Databáze: OpenAIRE