| Popis: |
This paper discusses a field case review of the processes used to identify, characterize, design and execute a solution for a waterflood conformance problem in the Ekofisk Field that developed in late 2012. The Ekofisk Field is a highly-fractured Maastrichtian chalk reservoir located in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Large scale water injection in the field began in 1987 and overall the field has responded well to waterflood operations. However, fault reactivation coupled with extensive natural fractures and rock dissolution has resulted in some challenging conformance issues. In late 2014, a solution was executed to control this problem. Details of the diagnostic efforts and how this data was used to identify, characterize and mitigate an injector/producer connection through a void space conduit (VSC) will be outlined and discussed. These diagnostics include pressure transient analysis (PTA), interwell tracers, injection profiles, seismic mapping, fluid rate analysis, fluid composition and temperature monitoring. The importance of this data analysis is the key element necessary to select an effective solution. The selected approach involved pumping a large tapered nitrified cement treatment into the offending injector, which is believed to be the single largest nitrified cement operation ever pumped within the oil industry. Because of extremely rapid communication with an offset producer, a protective gel was used to reduce the risk of cement entry into that producer. A brief review of alternative mitigation options and the reasons for selecting the nitrified cement treatment will be discussed. Additionally, a complete review of the shutoff technique, product, damage mitigation strategy, and complications associated with timing and coordination in an offshore environment will also be discussed. Finally, a summary of lessons learned, job execution observations, post-treatment performance results over the past three years, and forward plans will be presented. Based on these results it is believed that there are a number of opportunities to add strong value through conformance engineering. |
