Native biodiversity collapse in the eastern Mediterranean
| Autor: | Gil Rilov, Beata Dunne, Marija Bošnjak, Jan Steger, Darrell S. Kaufman, Paolo G. Albano, Zara Guifarro, Quan Hua, Elina Turapova, Martin Zuschin |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Mediterranean climate 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Biodiversity Intertidal zone Introduced species 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Novel ecosystem General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Mediterranean sea Lessepsian invasion Mediterranean Sea Ecosystem 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Global Change and Conservation General Immunology and Microbiology Ecology Global warming General Medicine biodiversity collapse Geography Mollusca novel ecosystem Species richness General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Research Article |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1471-2954 0962-8452 |
| Popis: | Global warming causes the poleward shift of the trailing edges of marine ectotherm species distributions. In the semi-enclosed Mediterranean Sea, continental masses and oceanographic barriers do not allow natural connectivity with thermophilic species pools: as trailing edges retreat, a net diversity loss occurs. We quantify this loss on the Israeli shelf, among the warmest areas in the Mediterranean, by comparing current native molluscan richness with the historical one obtained from surficial death assemblages. We recorded only 12% and 5% of historically present native species on shallow subtidal soft and hard substrates, respectively. This is the largest climate-driven regional-scale diversity loss in the oceans documented to date. By contrast, assemblages in the intertidal, more tolerant to climatic extremes, and in the cooler mesophotic zone show approximately 50% of the historical native richness. Importantly, approximately 60% of the recorded shallow subtidal native species do not reach reproductive size, making the shallow shelf a demographic sink. We predict that, as climate warms, this native biodiversity collapse will intensify and expand geographically, counteracted only by Indo-Pacific species entering from the Suez Canal. These assemblages, shaped by climate warming and biological invasions, give rise to a ‘novel ecosystem’ whose restoration to historical baselines is not achievable. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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