Impaired innate antiviral defenses in COVID-19: Causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities

Autor: Ioanna-Evdokia Galani, Evangelos Andreakos
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
MDA5
Melanoma-differentiated gene 5
PRR
Pattern-recognition receptor
Disease
Review
Adaptive Immunity
LY6E
Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex
locus E
pDC
plasmacytoid dendritic cell
KPNA2
Karyopherin α2
Pandemic
Immunology and Allergy
Medicine
CoV
Coronavirus
IL
Interleukin
TNF-α
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
CRS
Cytokine release syndrome
Pathogen
Infectivity
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019
TBK1
TANK binding kinase 1
Acquired immune system
ISG
Interferon-stimulated gene
IFN
Interferon
STAT
signal transducer and activator of transcription
antiviral innate immunity
NF-κB
Nuclear factorκB
JAK
Janus kinase
N/L
Neutrophil to lymphocyte
TLR
Toll-like receptor
TMPRSS2
Transmembrane serine protease 2
Immunology
Antiviral Agents
Virus
RLR
RIG-I like receptor
Immunity
Humans
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Innate immune system
business.industry
SARS-CoV-2
MERS
Middle East respiratory syndrome
NSP
Non-structural protein
COVID-19
biochemical phenomena
metabolism
and nutrition
MAVS
Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein
Immunity
Innate
RIG
Retinoic acid-inducible gene 1
S
Spike
ORF
Open reading frame
OAS
Oligoadenylate synthetase
Interferons
ACE-2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
business
IRF
Interferon regulatory factor
Zdroj: Seminars in Immunology
ISSN: 1096-3618
1044-5323
Popis: Graphical abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recently emerged pathogen that has caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the worst pandemic of our times leading to tremendous loss of human life and unprecedented measures of social distancing. COVID-19 symptom manifestations range from asymptomatic disease to severe and lethal outcomes. Lack of previous exposure and immunity to SARS-CoV-2, and high infectivity of the virus have contributed to its broad spread across the globe. In the absence of specific adaptive immunity, innate immune mechanisms are crucial for efficient antiviral defenses and control of the infection. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the remarkable heterogeneity in COVID-19 disease manifestations is due to variable degrees of impairment of innate immune mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent findings describing both viral and host intrinsic factors that have been linked to defective innate immune responses and account for severe COVID-19. We also discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities for targeting innate immunity for the treatment of COVID-19.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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