Impaired innate antiviral defenses in COVID-19: Causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities
Autor: | Ioanna-Evdokia Galani, Evangelos Andreakos |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome MDA5 Melanoma-differentiated gene 5 PRR Pattern-recognition receptor Disease Review Adaptive Immunity LY6E Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus E pDC plasmacytoid dendritic cell KPNA2 Karyopherin α2 Pandemic Immunology and Allergy Medicine CoV Coronavirus IL Interleukin TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor alpha CRS Cytokine release syndrome Pathogen Infectivity COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 TBK1 TANK binding kinase 1 Acquired immune system ISG Interferon-stimulated gene IFN Interferon STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription antiviral innate immunity NF-κB Nuclear factorκB JAK Janus kinase N/L Neutrophil to lymphocyte TLR Toll-like receptor TMPRSS2 Transmembrane serine protease 2 Immunology Antiviral Agents Virus RLR RIG-I like receptor Immunity Humans ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS Innate immune system business.industry SARS-CoV-2 MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome NSP Non-structural protein COVID-19 biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition MAVS Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein Immunity Innate RIG Retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 S Spike ORF Open reading frame OAS Oligoadenylate synthetase Interferons ACE-2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 business IRF Interferon regulatory factor |
Zdroj: | Seminars in Immunology |
ISSN: | 1096-3618 1044-5323 |
Popis: | Graphical abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a recently emerged pathogen that has caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the worst pandemic of our times leading to tremendous loss of human life and unprecedented measures of social distancing. COVID-19 symptom manifestations range from asymptomatic disease to severe and lethal outcomes. Lack of previous exposure and immunity to SARS-CoV-2, and high infectivity of the virus have contributed to its broad spread across the globe. In the absence of specific adaptive immunity, innate immune mechanisms are crucial for efficient antiviral defenses and control of the infection. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the remarkable heterogeneity in COVID-19 disease manifestations is due to variable degrees of impairment of innate immune mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent findings describing both viral and host intrinsic factors that have been linked to defective innate immune responses and account for severe COVID-19. We also discuss emerging therapeutic opportunities for targeting innate immunity for the treatment of COVID-19. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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