Viruses of fungi and oomycetes in the soil environment
| Autor: | Eeva J. Vainio, Anna Poimala, Suvi Sutela |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
inorganic chemicals Hypha 030106 microbiology Bulk soil Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Microbiology complex mixtures 03 medical and health sciences Soil Botany Human virome Phylogeny Soil Microbiology Chromalveolata 2. Zero hunger Oomycete Rhizosphere Ecology biology Host (biology) fungi Fungi 15. Life on land biology.organism_classification equipment and supplies 030104 developmental biology Oomycetes Viruses Mycovirus bacteria |
| Zdroj: | FEMS Microbiology Ecology |
| ISSN: | 0168-6496 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/femsec/fiz119 |
| Popis: | Soils support a myriad of organisms hosting highly diverse viromes. In this minireview, we focus on viruses hosted by true fungi and oomycetes (members of Stamenopila, Chromalveolata) inhabiting bulk soil, rhizosphere and litter layer, and representing different ecological guilds, including fungal saprotrophs, mycorrhizal fungi, mutualistic endophytes and pathogens. Viruses infecting fungi and oomycetes are characterized by persistent intracellular nonlytic lifestyles and transmission via spores and/or hyphal contacts. Almost all fungal and oomycete viruses have genomes composed of single-stranded or double-stranded RNA, and recent studies have revealed numerous novel viruses representing yet unclassified family-level groups. Depending on the virus–host combination, infections can be asymptomatic, beneficial or detrimental to the host. Thus, mycovirus infections may contribute to the multiplex interactions of hosts, therefore likely affecting the dynamics of fungal communities required for the functioning of soil ecosystems. However, the effects of fungal and oomycete viruses on soil ecological processes are still mostly unknown. Interestingly, new metagenomics data suggest an extensive level of horizontal virus transfer between plants, fungi and insects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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