HPV and Anal Cancer in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Review
Autor: | Jan M. Prins, Sofie H. Mooij, Henry J. C. de Vries, Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, Oliver Richel |
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Rok vydání: | 2014 |
Předmět: |
Male
Oncology medicine.medical_specialty Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV Infections medicine.disease_cause Men who have sex with men Virology Internal medicine Hiv infected Epidemiology Carcinoma medicine Humans Anal cancer Homosexuality Male Risk factor Gynecology business.industry Incidence (epidemiology) Papillomavirus Infections virus diseases Anus Neoplasms medicine.disease Infectious Diseases Carcinoma Squamous Cell business |
Zdroj: | Current HIV/AIDS Reports. 11:250-262 |
ISSN: | 1548-3576 1548-3568 |
Popis: | HIV infection is one of the strongest risk factors for anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC). Most ASCC are caused by HPV, and most HPV-associated ASCC are caused by HPV-16. Anal HPV infections are very common in men who have sex with men (MSM), and nearly universal among HIV-infected MSM. High-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN), the precursor for ASCC, is present in about 30 % of HIV+ MSM, but neither the progression rate to ASCC nor the regression rate are known. The incidence rate of ASCC among HIV-infected people has risen in the first decade after cART became available, but appears to be plateauing recently. Anal cytology has poor sensitivity and specificity. High resolution anoscopy (HRA) is advocated by some as a screening tool in high-risk groups, but is cumbersome and time-consuming and it is unknown whether HRA followed by treatment of HGAIN prevents ASCC. More research is needed on progression and regression rates of HGAIN, on effective therapy of HGAIN, and on biomarkers that predict HGAIN or anal cancer. HPV vaccination and earlier start of cART may prevent most anal cancers in the long run. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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