Residues of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Agricultural Soils Adjacent to Historical Sources of Their Storage and Distribution—The Case Study of Azerbaijan
| Autor: | Karolina Lewińska, Elton Mammadov, Bożena Smreczak, Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek, Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga, Anna Karczewska |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Azerbaijan
Soil test polychlorinated biphenyls polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Pharmaceutical Science 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Article Analytical Chemistry lcsh:QD241-441 Persistent Organic Pollutants Soil PAHs lcsh:Organic chemistry Drug Discovery Soil Pollutants DDTs PCBs Organic Chemicals Physical and Theoretical Chemistry HCHs 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Abiotic component Pollutant Geography toxic substances 010401 analytical chemistry Organic Chemistry Agriculture pesticides Pesticide Contamination Soil contamination 0104 chemical sciences Deposition (aerosol physics) Chemistry (miscellaneous) Environmental chemistry Soil water Molecular Medicine Environmental science soil contamination |
| Zdroj: | Molecules, Vol 25, Iss 1815, p 1815 (2020) Molecules Volume 25 Issue 8 |
| ISSN: | 1420-3049 |
| Popis: | The aim of this study was to identify and examine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil collected from the surroundings of historical pesticide storage facilities on former agricultural aerodromes, warehouses, and pesticide distribution sites located in the most important agricultural regions in Azerbaijan. The conducted research included determination of three groups of POPs (occurring together), in the natural soil environment influenced for many years by abiotic and biotic factors that could have caused their transformations or decomposition. In this study, soil samples were collected in 21 georeferenced points located in the administrative area of Bilasuvar, Saatly, Sabirabad, Salyan and Jalilabad districts of Azerbaijan. Soil chemical analysis involved determination of organochlorine compounds (OCP): hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) (three isomers &alpha HCH, &beta HCH and &gamma HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) (six congeners 2,4&prime DDT 4,4&prime 2,4&prime DDE and 4,4&prime DDE) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): 16 compounds from the United States Environmental Protection Agency US EPA list and, PCBs (seven congeners identified with the following IUPAC numbers: 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180). Our research showed that OCPs reached the highest concentration in the studied areas. The total concentrations of OCPs ranged from 0.01 to 21,888 mg∙kg&minus 1 with significantly higher concentrations of &Sigma 6DDTs (0.01 &mu g kg&minus 1 to 21880 mg kg&minus 1) compared to &Sigma HCH (0.14 ng kg&minus 1 to 166.72 µ 1). The total concentrations of PCBs in the studied soils was varied from 0.02 to 147.30 &mu g·kg&minus 1 but only PCB138 and PCB180 were detected in all analyzed samples. The concentrations of &Sigma 16 PAHs were also strongly diversified throughout the sampling areas and ranged from 0.15 to 16,026 mg kg&minus 1. The obtained results confirmed that the agricultural soils of Azerbaijan contained much lower (up to by three orders of magnitude) concentrations of PCBs and PAHs than DDT. It is supported by the fact that PCBs and PAHs were not directly used by agriculture sector and their content results from secondary sources, such as combustion and various industrial processes. Moreover, the high concentrations of PAHs in studied soils were associated with their location in direct neighborhood of the airport, as well as with accumulation of contaminants from dispersed sources and long range transport. The high concentrations of pesticides confirm that deposition of parent OCPs have occurred from obsolete pesticide landfills. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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