Five years of malaria control in the continental region, Equatorial Guinea
| Autor: | Christopher Schwabe, Lee Yellott, Abrahan Matias, Immo Kleinschmidt, Andrea G Mann, Andrea M. Rehman, Michael R. Reddy, Michel A. Slotman, Gloria Nseng Nchama, Irina Roncon Gomes, Adalgisa Caccone |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Insecticides medicine.medical_specialty Mosquito Control Adolescent Indoor residual spraying Malaria indicator survey Pregnancy parasitic diseases Prevalence medicine Humans Insecticide-Treated Bednets Malaria Falciparum Child Long-lasting insecticide treated bed nets Ecology business.industry Research Public health Infant Odds ratio medicine.disease Confidence interval Malaria Mosquito control Infectious Diseases Child Preschool Equatorial Guinea Tropical medicine Female Parasitology business Malaria control Demography |
| Zdroj: | Malaria Journal |
| ISSN: | 1475-2875 |
| Popis: | Background A successful malaria control programme began in 2004 on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. From 2007, the same multiple malaria interventions, though reduced in scope for funding reasons, were introduced to the four mainland provinces of Equatorial Guinea (the continental region) aiming to recreate Bioko’s success. Two provinces received long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and two provinces received biannual indoor residual spraying (IRS). Enhanced case management and communications were introduced throughout. Methods Estimates of intervention coverage and indicators of malaria transmission for 2007 to 2011 were derived from annual malaria indicator surveys (MIS). Results were complemented by health information system (HIS) and entomological data. The personal protection offered by LLINs and IRS against Plasmodium falciparum infection was estimated with logistic regression. Results The estimated proportion of children aged 1–4 using either an LLIN the previous night or living in a house sprayed in the last six months was 23% in 2007 and 42% in 2011. The estimated prevalence of P. falciparum in children aged 1–4 was 68% (N=1,770; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 58-76%) in 2007 and 52% (N=1,602; 95% CI: 44-61%) in 2011. Children 1–4 years had lower prevalence if they used an LLIN the previous night (N=1,124, 56%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.64, 95% CI: 0.55-0.74) or if they lived in a sprayed house (N=1,150, 57%; aOR 0.80, 95% CI: 0.62-1.03) compared to children with neither intervention (N=4,131, 66%, reference group). The minority of children who both used an LLIN and lived in a sprayed house had the lowest prevalence of infection (N=171, 45%; aOR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35-0.78). High site-level intervention coverage did not always correlate with lower site-level P. falciparum prevalence. The malaria season peaked in either June or July, not necessarily coinciding with MIS data collection. Conclusions Though moderate impact was achieved after five years of vector control, case management, and communications, prevalence remained high due to an inability to sufficiently scale-up coverage with either IRS or LLINs. Both LLINs and IRS provided individual protection, but greater protection was afforded to children who benefitted from both. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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