SARS-CoV-2: An Overview of Virus Genetics, Transmission, and Immunopathogenesis
Autor: | Bandar Alosaimi, Fayez Alghofaili, Ibrahim M. Aziz, Mohamed A. Farrag, Ayman S. Mubarak, Raid Saleem Al-Baradi, Wael Alturaiki, Ahmad K. Alnemare, Maaweya E. Hamed, Sami G. Almalki, Rauf Bhat, Haitham M. Amer, Turki M. Dawoud |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
China
Virus genetics Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis viruses Population coronavirus Cross-species transmission Review Biology medicine.disease_cause Genome Virus immune response Evolution Molecular 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Pandemic evolution medicine Animals Humans 030212 general & internal medicine education Pandemics 030304 developmental biology Coronavirus 0303 health sciences education.field_of_study Transmission (medicine) SARS-CoV-2 Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health virus diseases COVID-19 cross-species transmission biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition respiratory tract diseases Evolutionary biology Medicine |
Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 6312, p 6312 (2021) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
ISSN: | 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
Popis: | The human population is currently facing the third and possibly the worst pandemic caused by human coronaviruses (CoVs). The virus was first reported in Wuhan, China, on 31 December 2019 and spread within a short time to almost all countries of the world. Genome analysis of the early virus isolates has revealed high similarity with SARS-CoV and hence the new virus was officially named SARS-CoV-2. Since CoVs have the largest genome among all RNA viruses, they can adapt to many point mutation and recombination events; particularly in the spike gene, which enable these viruses to rapidly change and evolve in nature. CoVs are known to cross the species boundaries by using different cellular receptors. Both animal reservoir and intermediate host for SARS-CoV-2 are still unresolved and necessitate further investigation. In the current review, different aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathogenicity are discussed, including virus genetics and evolution, spike protein and its role in evolution and adaptation to novel hosts, and virus transmission and persistence in nature. In addition, the immune response developed during SARS-CoV-2 infection is demonstrated with special reference to the interplay between immune cells and their role in disease progression. We believe that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak will not be the last and spillover of CoVs from bats will continue. Therefore, establishing intervention approaches to reduce the likelihood of future CoVs spillover from natural reservoirs is a priority. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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