Regulated Necrosis Orchestrates Microglial Cell Death in Manganese-Induced Toxicity
Autor: | Soledad Porte Alcon, Roxana Mayra Gorojod, Monica Lidia Kotler |
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Rok vydání: | 2018 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Programmed cell death Cell Survival DNA damage Cathepsin D Apoptosis Mitochondrion Mice Necrosis 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Animals Viability assay Manganese Cell Death Microglia Chemistry General Neuroscience Mitochondria Cell biology Cytosol 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Signal transduction Lysosomes Reactive Oxygen Species 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | Neuroscience. 393:206-225 |
ISSN: | 0306-4522 |
Popis: | Microglia, the brain resident immune cells, play prominent roles in immune surveillance, tissue repair and neural regeneration. Despite these pro-survival actions, the relevance of these cells in the progression of several neuropathologies has been established. In the context of manganese (Mn) overexposure, it has been proposed that microglial activation contributes to enhance the neurotoxicity. However, the occurrence of a direct cytotoxic effect of Mn on microglial cells remains controversial. In the present work, we investigated the potential vulnerability of immortalized mouse microglial cells (BV-2) toward Mn2+, focusing on the signaling pathways involved in cell death. Evidence obtained showed that Mn2+ induces a decrease in cell viability which is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this report we demonstrated, for the first time, that Mn2+ triggers regulated necrosis (RN) in BV-2 cells involving two central mechanisms: parthanatos and lysosomal disruption. The occurrence of parthanatos is supported by several cellular and molecular events: (i) DNA damage; (ii) AIF translocation from mitochondria to the nucleus; (iii) mitochondrial membrane permeabilization; and (iv) PARP1-dependent cell death. On the other hand, Mn2+ induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin D (CatD) release into the cytosol supporting the lysosomal disruption. Pre-incubation with CatB and D inhibitors partially prevented the Mn2+-induced cell viability decrease. Altogether these events point to lysosomes as players in the execution of RN. In summary, our results suggest that microglial cells could be direct targets of Mn2+ damage. In this scenario, Mn2+ triggers cell death involving RN pathways. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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