Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats
| Autor: | Siva Rama Raju Kanumuri, Christopher R. McCurdy, Lance R. McMahon, Bonnie A. Avery, Abhisheak Sharma, Julius R Herting, Raluca Popa, Francisco León, Shyam H. Kamble, Tamara I. King, Erin C. Berthold |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Oral dose
Male Indoles Mitragyna speciosa Pharmaceutical Science 01 natural sciences Article Analytical Chemistry Indole Alkaloids Rats Sprague-Dawley chemistry.chemical_compound Alkaloids Pharmacokinetics Drug Discovery Medicine Animals heterocyclic compounds Spiro Compounds Mitraphylline Pharmacology Ajmalicine Traditional medicine biology Molecular Structure 010405 organic chemistry business.industry Mitragyna Alkaloid Organic Chemistry Pain management biology.organism_classification Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids 0104 chemical sciences Oxindoles Rats 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry Complementary and alternative medicine chemistry Mitragynine Molecular Medicine Plant Preparations business |
| Zdroj: | J Nat Prod |
| ISSN: | 1520-6025 |
| Popis: | Kratom, Mitragyna speciosa Korth., is being widely consumed in the United States for pain management and the reduction of opioid withdrawal symptoms. The central nervous system (CNS) active alkaloids of kratom, including mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and numerous additional compounds, are believed to derive their effects through opioid receptor activity. There is no literature describing the systemic exposure of many of these alkaloids after the consumption of kratom. Therefore, we have developed and validated a bioanalytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of 11 kratom alkaloids (mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, corynantheidine, speciogynine, speciociliatine, paynantheine, corynoxine, corynoxine-B, mitraphylline, ajmalicine, and isospeciofoline) in rat plasma. The validated method was used to analyze oral pharmacokinetic study samples of lyophilized kratom tea (LKT) and a marketed product, OPMS liquid shot, in rats. Among the 11 alkaloids, only mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, speciociliatine, and corynantheidine showed systemic exposure 8 h postdose, and the dose-normalized systemic exposure of these four alkaloids was higher (1.6-2.4-fold) following the administration of the commercial OPMS liquid. Paynantheine and speciogynine levels were quantifiable up to 1 h postdose, whereas none of the other alkaloids were detected. In summary, the method was successfully applied to quantify the exposure of individual kratom alkaloids after an oral dose of traditional or commercial products. This information will contribute to understanding the role of each alkaloid in the overall pharmacology of kratom and elucidating the pharmacokinetic differences between traditional and commercial kratom products. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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