Typical m. triceps surae morphology and architecture measurement from 0 to 18 years: A narrative review
Autor: | Ali Mirjalili, Ghaliya Salim Al Masruri, Justin Fernandez, Matthew Bell, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Sîan A Williams, Anne Agur, Ngaire Stott |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Histology Adolescent M. triceps surae Imaging modalities Young Adult Physical medicine and rehabilitation Triceps surae muscle medicine Humans Child Muscle Skeletal Molecular Biology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Ultrasonography Leg medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Confounding Ultrasound Infant Reproducibility of Results Skeletal muscle Magnetic resonance imaging Cell Biology Magnetic Resonance Imaging medicine.anatomical_structure Narrative review Anatomy business Developmental Biology |
Zdroj: | Journal of Anatomy. 240:746-760 |
ISSN: | 1469-7580 0021-8782 |
Popis: | The aim of this review was to report on the imaging modalities used to assess morphological and architectural properties of the m. triceps surae muscle in typically developing children, and the available reliability analyses. Scopus and MEDLINE (Pubmed) were searched systematically for all original articles published up to September 2020 measuring morphological and architectural properties of the m. triceps surae in typically developing children (18 years or under). Thirty eligible studies were included in this analysis, measuring fibre bundle length (FBL) (n = 11), pennation angle (PA) (n = 10), muscle volume (MV) (n = 16) and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) (n = 4). Three primary imaging modalities were utilised to assess these architectural parameters in vivo: two-dimensional ultrasound (2DUS; n = 12), three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS; n = 9) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 6). The mean age of participants ranged from 1.4 years to 18 years old. There was an apparent increase in m. gastrocnemius medialis MV and pCSA with age; however, no trend was evident with FBL or PA. Analysis of correlations of muscle variables with age was limited by a lack of longitudinal data and methodological variations between studies affecting outcomes. Only five studies evaluated the reliability of the methods. Imaging methodologies such as MRI and US may provide valuable insight into the development of skeletal muscle from childhood to adulthood; however, variations in methodological approaches can significantly influence outcomes. Researchers wishing to develop a model of typical muscle development should carry out longitudinal architectural assessment of all muscles comprising the m. triceps surae utilising a consistent approach that minimises confounding errors. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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