Near-zero-waste processing of low-grade, complex primary ores and secondary raw materials in Europe: technology development trends

Autor: Witold Kurylak, Koen Binnemans, Liesbeth Horckmans, Karel Folens, Grzegorz Pietek, Päivi Kinnunen, Jeroen Spooren, Arne Peys, Jeet Varia, Ruben Snellings, Yoko Dams, Karin Willquist, Silviana Onisei, Koen Oorts, Konstantinos Komnitsas, Maria Lopez, María González-Moya, Koen Breemersch, María Tripiana, Johanna Björkmalm, Yiannis Pontikes, Lourdes Yurramendi, Jarno Mäkinen
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Critical raw materials
Technology
Economics and Econometrics
Circular economy
0211 other engineering and technologies
Zero waste
Resource efficiency
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
Raw material
7. Clean energy
01 natural sciences
VALUABLE METALS
12. Responsible consumption
Engineering
SULFURIC-ACID
SAPROLITIC LATERITE
Recycling
021108 energy
Waste Management and Disposal
Mineral processing
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
LATERITE LEACH SOLUTIONS
Science & Technology
INORGANIC POLYMERS
Waste management
Low-grade ores
Engineering
Environmental
DEEP-EUTECTIC SOLVENTS
SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
Work in process
Near-zero-waste
Waste treatment
Metals
IONIC LIQUIDS
13. Climate action
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Processing of low grade resources
Environmental science
Valorisation
SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Environmental Sciences
ACID-MINE DRAINAGE
Zdroj: Resources, Conservation and Recycling
Spooren, J, Binnemans, K, Björkmalm, J, Breemersch, K, Dams, Y, Folens, K, González-moya, M, Horckmans, L, Komnitsas, K, Kurylak, W, Lopez, M, Mäkinen, J, Onisei, S, Oorts, K, Peys, A, Pietek, G, Pontikes, Y, Snellings, R, Tripiana, M, Varia, J, Willquist, K, Yurramendi, L & Kinnunen, P 2020, ' Near-zero-waste processing of low-grade, complex primary ores and secondary raw materials in Europe: technology development trends ', Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 160, 104919 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104919
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
ISSN: 0921-3449
1879-0658
DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104919
Popis: Summarization: With an increasing number of low-grade primary ores starting to be cost-effectively mined, we are at the verge of mining a myriad of low-grade primary and secondary mineral materials. At the same time, mining practices and mineral waste recycling are both evolving towards sustainable near-zero-waste processing of low-grade resources within a circular economy that requires a shift in business models, policies and improvements in process technologies. This review discusses the evolution towards low-grade primary ore and secondary raw material mining that will allow for sufficient supply of critical raw materials as well as base metals. Seven low-grade ores, including primary (Greek and Polish laterites) and secondary (fayalitic slags, jarosite and goethite sludges, zinc rich waste treatment sludge and chromium-rich neutralisation sludge) raw materials are discussed as typical examples for Europe. In order to treat diverse and complex low-grade ores efficiently, the use of a new metallurgical systems toolbox is proposed, which is populated with existing and innovative unit operations: (i) mineral processing, (ii) metal extraction, (iii) metal recovery and (iv) matrix valorisation. Several promising novel techniques are under development for these four unit-operations. From an economical and environmental point of view, such processes must be fitted into new (circular) business models, whereby impacts and costs are divided over the entire value chain. Currently, low-grade secondary raw material processing is only economic and environmentally beneficial when the mineral residues can be valorised and landfill costs are avoided and/or incentives for waste processing can be taken into account. Presented on
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: