The Classic Caries Clinical Trial: Constraints and Opportunities
| Autor: | John W. Stamm |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2004 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Research design medicine.medical_specialty Blinding MEDLINE Dentistry Dental Caries law.invention 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Meta-Analysis as Topic Randomized controlled trial law medicine Humans Multicenter Studies as Topic General Dentistry Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Clinical Trials as Topic business.industry Clinical study design 030206 dentistry Clinical trial 030104 developmental biology Systematic review Research Design Family medicine Bradford Hill criteria business |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Dental Research. 83:6-14 |
| ISSN: | 1544-0591 0022-0345 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/154405910408301s02 |
| Popis: | The history of clinical trials would include events in 1747 on board the Salisbury, a British Navy vessel at sea with 12 seamen critically ill with scurvy. Involving these 12 sailors in a study, an officer on board by the name of Lind evaluated six potential treatments for scurvy, and rapidly reached the conclusion that daily consumption of citrus fruits returned the men fit for duty in approximately six days (Bull, 1959). The concept of experimental randomization was first developed by Sir R.A. Fisher (1925, 1926), and the method was introduced to medical research via a study of tuberculosis treatment by Amberson and co-workers (1931), who randomized 24 TB patients into two groups, one to receive the experimental therapy, the other serving as the control. Amberson et al. also incorporated the concept of blinding into their study. Sir Austin Bradford Hill codified and built on the principles of scientific experimentation developed by Fisher, and introduced the use of random numbers in the allocation of patients in the British Medical Research Council (1948) study of the effect of streptomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis (Daniels and Hill, 1952; Hill, 1952). The first applications of clinical trial methodology for testing interventions on dental, oral, and maxillofacial diseases and conditions are more difficult to determine. For dental caries prevention, however, Chilton and Fertig (1958) and Slack and Martin (1964) were certainly among the early caries clinical trial pioneers. As clinical trials have come into the mainstream of clinical research in medicine and dentistry, a great deal of developmental work has focused on their methodological enhancement. The most successful of these efforts have come from fruitful, ongoing collaborations among clinician investigators, biostatisticians, data management specialists, biomedical ethicists, and others with an academic interest in clinical trial design and utilization. During the past 25 years, the emergence of systematic reviews and the evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement have also contributed significantly to the increasing reliance on randomized clinical trial outcomes for the advancement of better clinical practice (Richards et al., 1997; Straus and Sackett, 1998; www.cochrane.org/cochrane/ccbroch.htm#BDL, 2002). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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