Role of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Light of Modern Environmental Research: A Tautological Approach

Autor: Walter Land
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: International Journal of Environmental Research
ISSN: 2008-2304
1735-6865
DOI: 10.1007/s41742-020-00276-z
Popis: Two prominent models emerged as a result of intense interdisciplinary discussions on the environmental health paradigm, called the “exposome” concept and the “adverse outcome pathway” (AOP) concept that links a molecular initiating event to the adverse outcome via key events. Here, evidence is discussed, suggesting that environmental stress/injury-induced damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) may operate as an essential integrating element of both environmental health research paradigms. DAMP-promoted controlled/uncontrolled innate/adaptive immune responses reflect the key events of the AOP concept. The whole process starting from exposure to a distinct environmental stress/injury—associated with the presence/emission of DAMPs—up to the manifestation of a disease may be regarded as an exposome. Clinical examples of such a scenario are briefly sketched, in particular, a model in relation to the emerging COVID-19 pandemic, where the interaction of noninfectious environmental factors (e.g., particulate matter) and infectious factors (SARS CoV-2) may promote SARS case fatality via superimposition of both exogenous and endogenous DAMPs.
Article Highlights This review is devoted to the first scientific attempt to integrate DAMP-controlled innate immune inflammatory and adaptive immune defense responses as well as DAMP-uncontrolled dysregulated pathological responses (acute and chronic human diseases) in the environmental health paradigm, called the “exposome” concept and the “adverse outcome pathway” (AOP) concept.Evidence is discussed that DAMP-promoted controlled/uncontrolled innate immune/adaptive immune responses reflect the key events of the AOP concept.The whole process starting from exposure to a distinct environmental stress/injury—associated with the presence/emission of DAMPs—up to the manifestation of a disease may be regarded as an exposome.Some exemplifying models of such a scenario are briefly sketched, including respiratory infections, autoimmune/allergic diseases, organ fibrosis, and cancer.In particular, a model in relation to the emerging COVID-19 pandemic is presented, where the interaction of noninfectious environmental factors (e.g., particulate matter) and infectious factors (SARS CoV-2) may promote SARS case fatality via superimposition of both exogenous and endogenous DAMPs.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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