Comparison of the dynamics of Japanese encephalitis virus circulation in sentinel pigs between a rural and a peri-urban setting in Cambodia
| Autor: | San Sorn, Didier Fontenille, Véronique Chevalier, Julien Cappelle, Long Pring, Veasna Duong, Arnaud Tarantola, Rithy Choeung, Sivuth Ong, Raphaël Duboz, Philippe Dussart, Borin Peng, Senglong Pang, Juliette Di Francesco |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Calgary, Unité de Virologie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Royal University of Agriculture, Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), National Veterinary Research Institute [Phnom Penh], Épidémiologie des Maladies Animales et Zoonotiques - UMR 346 (EPIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), This study was undertaken in the framework of the ComAcross project with the financial support of the European Union (EuropeAid, INNOVATE contract 315-047). The study was also supported by the SouthEast Asia Encephalitis project which is funded by Aviesan Sud and Fondation Total. JDF was supported by a grant from the Pierre-Ledoux Jeunesse Internationale Foundation., We wish to thank Dr. Yves Froehlich for his help and advice, Mr. Saravorn Heang Suo and all the staff of Proveto for taking care of the pigs in the peri-urban farm, and all the staff of the rural farm for taking care of the pigs in Kandal. We also wish to thank Dr. Aurélie Binot, coordinator of the ComAcross project (www.onehealthsea.org/comacross), Magali Herrant, coordinator of the SEAe project (www.seaeproject.org), and all the persons involved in these projects who helped us implement this study. We finally wish to thank the Pierre Ledoux Jeunesse Internationale Foundation and the Institut Pasteur Department of International Affairs., Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit [Phnom Penh], Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Rural Population Physiology Swine Force of infection Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension Disease Vectors L73 - Maladies des animaux Biochemistry Polymerase Chain Reaction Mosquitoes Geographical Locations Cohort Studies 0302 clinical medicine Sequencing techniques [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases Immune Physiology Medicine and Health Sciences Public and Occupational Health Enzyme-linked immunoassays 2. Zero hunger Mammals Encephalitis Virus Japanese Swine Diseases Immune System Proteins Transmission (medicine) lcsh:Public aspects of medicine Eukaryota RNA sequencing 3. Good health Insects Infectious Diseases S50 - Santé humaine Cohort Vertebrates Vaccination and immunization Cambodia Encephalitis Cohort study Research Article lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Asia Arthropoda lcsh:RC955-962 030231 tropical medicine Immunology Biology Research and Analysis Methods Virus Antibodies 03 medical and health sciences medicine Animals Humans Cities Molecular Biology Techniques Immunoassays Encephalitis Japanese Molecular Biology Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Proteins lcsh:RA1-1270 Japanese encephalitis medicine.disease Invertebrates Insect Vectors Species Interactions 030104 developmental biology Amniotes People and Places Immunologic Techniques Preventive Medicine Rural area Sentinel Surveillance Demography |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, 2018, 12 (8), pp.e0006644. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0006644⟩ Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases 8 (12), e0006644. (2018) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 8, p e0006644 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| Popis: | Japanese encephalitis is mainly considered a rural disease, but there is growing evidence of a peri-urban and urban transmission in several countries, including Cambodia. We, therefore, compared the epidemiologic dynamic of Japanese encephalitis between a rural and a peri-urban setting in Cambodia. We monitored two cohorts of 15 pigs and determined the force of infection–rate at which seronegative pigs become positive–in two study farms located in a peri-urban and rural area, respectively. We also studied the mosquito abundance and diversity in proximity of the pigs, as well as the host densities in both areas. All the pigs seroconverted before the age of 6 months. The force of infection was 0.061 per day (95% confidence interval = 0.034–0.098) in the peri-urban cohort and 0.069 per day (95% confidence interval = 0.047–0.099) in the rural cohort. Several differences in the epidemiologic dynamic of Japanese encephalitis between both study sites were highlighted. The later virus amplification in the rural cohort may be linked to the later waning of maternal antibodies, but also to the higher pig density in direct proximity of the studied pigs, which could have led to a dilution of mosquito bites at the farm level. The force of infection was almost identical in both the peri-urban and the rural farms studied, which shifts the classic epidemiologic cycle of the virus. This study is a first step in improving our understanding of Japanese encephalitis virus ecology in different environments with distinct landscapes, human and animal densities. Author summary The number of Japanese encephalitis cases has decreased substantially over the past decades with the implementation of childhood vaccination programs. Japanese encephalitis virus, however, remains the most important cause of acute viral encephalitis in Eastern and Southern Asia, with an estimated 68,000 cases reported annually worldwide. Our results demonstrate that Japanese encephalitis virus circulates intensely both in a rural and a peri-urban setting in Cambodia, which raises important public health concerns as peri-urban areas are densely populated. These results support the importance of changing vaccination recommendations for travelers and of not focusing national immunization programs against Japanese encephalitis solely on rural areas. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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