Comparative evaluation of salivary biomarker levels in e-Cigarette smokers and conventional smokers
| Autor: | Madhuresh Kumar, Amulya Kolluri, Devendra Palve, Abhishek Verma, Manish Bhargava, Kumar Anand |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Saliva plaque scores inflammatory mediators medicine.medical_treatment Bioengineering e-cigarette Gastroenterology smoking General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology law.invention Comparative evaluation Proinflammatory cytokine Pharmacy and materia medica salivary biomarkers law Internal medicine Medicine General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Salivary biomarkers QD71-142 business.industry RS1-441 Gingival index Cytokine gingival index Original Article business Analytical chemistry Electronic cigarette Body mass index |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 6, Pp 1642-1645 (2021) Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences |
| ISSN: | 0975-7406 |
| Popis: | Background: The cigarette smoking and its effect on the inflammatory cytokine levels in the smoker's saliva depicted the influence of electronic cigarettes on oral cytokine levels in oral fluids are scarce in the literature. Objectives: The present trial was conducted to compare and determine the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in whole stimulated saliva samples of electronic cigarette smokers, conventional smokers, and participants with no smoke exposure. Materials and Methods: Sixty adult participants were divided into the following four groups of nonsmokers, current smokers, smokers smoking both conventional and e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette smokers. The saliva samples were assessed for Interleukins (IL-1B, 6, 8, 10, and IL-1RA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque scores and Gingival Index, and body mass index were also calculated. Results: Statistically significant (P < 0.05) and remarkable relationship was seen in plaque scores and IL 1RA, 1 β, and 10 with the respective values as-0.285, 0.268, and 0.267. Regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines, CRP, IL-10, and IL-RA had the P-value of 0.073, 0.945, and 0.834 respectively. When these values were evaluated for proinflammatory cytokines, the P values were 0.0001, 0.019, 0.991, and 903 for TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-8, respectively. These results were statistically significant for TNF-α (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that smoking e-cigarettes whether solely or in combination with conventional smoking increases the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 β with decreased counter IL-1RA levels. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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