Materials Characterization of Cranial Simulants for Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
| Autor: | Anna Wermer, Michaelann Tartis, Joseph Kerwin, Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez, Adam M. Willis, Kelsea Welsh |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Traumatic brain injury 0206 medical engineering Materials Science Explosions 02 engineering and technology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Cadaver Blast Injuries Ultimate tensile strength Brain Injuries Traumatic medicine Animals Humans Tensile testing Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health General Medicine medicine.disease Compression (physics) 020601 biomedical engineering Characterization (materials science) Shock (mechanics) Biomechanical Phenomena Compressive strength Gelatin Cattle Shear Strength 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Biomedical engineering |
| Zdroj: | Military medicine. 185(Suppl 1) |
| ISSN: | 1930-613X |
| Popis: | Introduction The mechanical response of brain tissue to high-speed forces in the blast and blunt traumatic brain injury is poorly understood. Object-to-object variation and interspecies differences are current limitations in animal and cadaver studies conducted to study damage mechanisms. Biofidelic and transparent tissue simulants allow the use of high-speed optical diagnostics during a blast event, making it possible to observe deformations and damage patterns for comparison to observed injuries seen post-mortem in traumatic brain injury victims. Methods Material properties of several tissue simulants were quantified using standard mechanical characterization techniques, that is, shear rheometric, tensile, and compressive testing. Results Polyacrylamide simulants exhibited the best optical and mechanical property matching with the fewest trade-offs in the design of a cranial test object. Polyacrylamide gels yielded densities of ~1.04 g/cc and shear moduli ranging 1.3–14.55 kPa, allowing gray and white matter simulant tuning to a 30–35% difference in shear for biofidelity. Conclusions These materials are intended for use as layered cranial phantoms in a shock tube and open field blasts, with focus on observing phenomena occurring at the interfaces of adjacent tissue simulant types or material-fluid boundaries. Mechanistic findings from these studies may be used to inform the design of protective gear to mitigate blast injuries. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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