Death Becomes Them: Bacterial Community Dynamics and Stilbene Antibiotic Production in Cadavers of Galleria mellonella Killed by Heterorhabditis and Photorhabdus spp
| Autor: | Michael S. Wollenberg, Amanda C. Wollenberg, Greg A. Slough, Megan E. Hoinville, Tanush Jagdish |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
animal structures media_common.quotation_subject 030106 microbiology Zoology Moths Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Competition (biology) Bacterial genetics Toxicology 03 medical and health sciences Rhabditida RNA Ribosomal 16S Stilbenes Cadaver Invertebrate Microbiology Animals media_common Ecology biology Microbiota fungi Interspecific competition Sequence Analysis DNA Heterorhabditis biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition biology.organism_classification Anti-Bacterial Agents Galleria mellonella Stenotrophomonas RNA Bacterial Larva Photorhabdus Food Science Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | Applied and environmental microbiology. 82(19) |
| ISSN: | 1098-5336 |
| Popis: | Insect larvae killed by entomopathogenic nematodes are thought to contain bacterial communities dominated by a single bacterial genus, that of the nematode's bacterial symbiont. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to profile bacterial community dynamics in greater wax moth ( Galleria mellonella ) larvae cadavers killed by Heterorhabditis nematodes and their Photorhabdus symbionts. We found that, although Photorhabdus strains did initially displace an Enterococcus- dominated community present in uninfected G. mellonella insect larvae, the cadaver community was not static. Twelve days postinfection, Photorhabdus shared the cadaver with Stenotrophomonas species. Consistent with this result, Stenotrophomonas strains isolated from infected cadavers were resistant to Photorhabdus- mediated toxicity in solid coculture assays. We isolated and characterized a Photorhabdus- produced antibiotic from G. mellonella cadavers, produced it synthetically, and demonstrated that both the natural and synthetic compounds decreased G. mellonella- associated Enterococcus growth, but not Stenotrophomonas growth, in vitro . Finally, we showed that the Stenotrophomonas strains described here negatively affected Photorhabdus growth in vitro . Our results add an important dimension to a broader understanding of Heterorhabditis - Photorhabdus biology and also demonstrate that interspecific bacterial competition likely characterizes even a theoretically monoxenic environment, such as a Heterorhabditis - Photorhabdus -parasitized insect cadaver. IMPORTANCE Understanding, and eventually manipulating, both human and environmental health depends on a complete accounting of the forces that act on and shape microbial communities. One of these underlying forces is hypothesized to be resource competition. A resource that has received little attention in the general microbiological literature, but likely has ecological and evolutionary importance, is dead/decaying multicellular organisms. Metazoan cadavers, including those of insects, are ephemeral and nutrient-rich environments, where resource competition might shape interspecific macrobiotic and microbiotic interactions. This study is the first to use a next-generation sequencing approach to study the community dynamics of bacteria within a model insect cadaver system: insect larvae parasitized by entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts. By integrating bioinformatic, biochemical, and classic in vitro microbiological approaches, we have provided mechanistic insight into how antibiotic-mediated bacterial interactions may shape community dynamics within insect cadavers. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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