Upper Mass-Loss Limits and Clumping in the Intermediate and Outer Wind Regions of OB stars
| Autor: | Alessio Traficante, Donald F. Figer, Joachim Puls, M. M. Rubio-Díez, Jon O. Sundqvist, L. Calzoletti, Francisco Najarro |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Physics
010308 nuclear & particles physics Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Continuum (design consultancy) Stratification (water) FOS: Physical sciences Astronomy and Astrophysics Radius Astrophysics Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics 01 natural sciences Clumping factor A Luminosity Stars Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics 13. Climate action Space and Planetary Science 0103 physical sciences Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Supergiant 010303 astronomy & astrophysics Stellar evolution Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics |
| Popis: | We probe the radial clumping stratification of OB stars in the intermediate and outer wind regions (r>~2 R*) to derive upper limits for mass-loss rates, and compare to current mass-loss implementation. Together with archival multi-wavelength data, our new far-infrared continuum observations for a sample of 25 OB stars (including 13 B Supergiants) uniquely constrain the clumping properties of the intermediate wind region. We derive the minimum radial stratification of the clumping factor through the stellar wind, fclmin(r), and the corresponding maximum mass-loss rate, Mdotmax, normalising clumping factors to the outermost wind region (clfar=1). The clumping degree for r>~2 R* decreases or stays constant with increasing radius for almost the whole sample. There is a dependence on luminosity class and spectral type at the intermediate region relative to the outer ones: O Supergiants (OSGs) present a factor 2 larger clumping factors than B Supergiants (BSGs). The maximum clumping of roughly 1/3 of the OB Supergiants occurs close to the wind base (r Comment: 23 pages + 12 appendices pages, 18 figures, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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