Effects of driving conditions on secondary aerosol formation from a GDI vehicle using an oxidation flow reactor
| Autor: | Stephen Zimmerman, Patrick Roth, Panu Karjalainen, Roya Bahreini, Georgios Karavalakis, Niina Kuittinen, Topi Rönkkö, David R. Cocker, Thomas D. Durbin, Jorma Keskinen, Pauli Simonen, Weihan Peng, Cavan McCaffery |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Tampere University, Physics |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Air Pollutants/analysis
Automobile Driving 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Flow (psychology) Gasoline direct injection 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 114 Physical sciences 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Ammonia Nitrate Vehicle Emissions/analysis NOx Vehicle Emissions 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Aerosols Air Pollutants Driving cycles Primary emissions Environmental engineering General Medicine Pollution Aerosol chemistry Secondary aerosol Gasoline/analysis Environmental science Nitrogen oxide Oxidation-Reduction Gasoline Driving cycle Oxidation flow reactor |
| Zdroj: | Kuittinen, N, McCaffery, C, Peng, W, Zimmerman, S, Roth, P, Simonen, P, Karjalainen, P, Keskinen, J, Cocker, D R, Durbin, T D, Rönkkö, T, Bahreini, R & Karavalakis, G 2021, ' Effects of driving conditions on secondary aerosol formation from a GDI vehicle using an oxidation flow reactor ', Environmental Pollution, vol. 282, 117069 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117069 |
| Popis: | A comprehensive study on the effects of photochemical aging on exhaust emissions from a vehicle equipped with a gasoline direct injection engine when operated over seven different driving cycles was assessed using an oxidation flow reactor. Both primary emissions and secondary aerosol production were measured over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP), LA92, New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), US06, and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HWFET), as well as over two real-world cycles developed by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) mimicking typical highway driving conditions. We showed that the emissions of primary particles were largely depended on cold-start conditions and acceleration events. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation also exhibited strong dependence on the cold-start cycles and correlated well with SOA precursor emissions (i.e., non-methane hydrocarbons, NMHC) during both cold-start and hot-start cycles (correlation coefficients 0.95–0.99), with overall emissions of ∼68–94 mg SOA per g NMHC. SOA formation significantly dropped during the hot-running phases of the cycles, with simultaneous increases in nitrate and ammonium formation as a result of the higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) and ammonia emissions. Our findings suggest that more SOA will be produced during congested, slow speed, and braking events in highways. acceptedVersion |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|