TNM staging towards a personalized approach in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: what will the future be like?—a narrative review
| Autor: | Alessandro Rizzo, Riccardo Schiavina, Veronica Mollica, Liang Cheng, Marina Scarpelli, Alessia Cimadamore, Francesco Massari, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Rodolfo Montironi, Eugenio Brunocilla, Matteo Santoni |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Rizzo A., Mollica V., Cimadamore A., Santoni M., Scarpelli M., Schiavina R., Cheng L., Lopez-Beltran A., Brunocilla E., Montironi R., Massari F. |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Oncology medicine.medical_specialty Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Urology Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) 03 medical and health sciences Tumor Biomarkers 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine Gene signature Medicine Cancer staging Bladder cancer business.industry Gene signatures Cancer Genomic subtypes Metastatic urothelial carcinoma medicine.disease Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) Genomic subtype 030104 developmental biology Reproductive Medicine 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Personalized oncology TNM Staging Narrative review Review Article on Update on Molecular Classification and Individualized Treatments of Genitourinary Tumors business |
| Zdroj: | Transl Androl Urol |
| ISSN: | 2223-4691 2223-4683 |
| DOI: | 10.21037/tau-20-1109 |
| Popis: | The American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, with its periodical updates and modifications, has represented and still represents the basis of cancer staging. The historical, long-standing limitations of anatomic-based TNM staging have been recently "threatened" by the impressive amount of data derived from molecular analyses, which have led to an unprecedented level of understanding of cancer genomics. In fact, current era of personalized oncology has witnessed important efforts towards the integration between clinical, anatomical and molecular features; however, despite the promises, personalized oncology faces many obstacles, due to the complex relationship between tumor biomarkers, previously unknown cancer subtypes and clinical and anatomical characteristics. With regard to urothelial carcinoma (UC), the characterization of tumors in large cohorts of patients has provided important information concerning genetic alterations, revealing the presence of biologically relevant subtypes of UC. In the current review, we will provide an overview regarding this recent "translation" from the anatomic-based TNM to a novel horizon, aiming at further "tailoring" personalized oncology, especially focusing on recently published data about the molecular landscape of UC with its therapeutic and prognostic implications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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