Phylogeography and molecular epidemiology of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar
| Autor: | Paul Keim, Judy Lee, Suzanne Chanteau, David M. Wagner, Jacques Ravel, Roxanne D. Nera, Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg, Mark Achtman, Fabien Chan, Mark Eppinger, Lila Rahalison, B. Rasoamanana, Philippe Roumagnac, Amy J. Vogler |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Max Planck Institut für Infektionsbiologie (MPIIB), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute for Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine (IGS), The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), This work was funded by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate (award numbers NBCH2070001 and HSHQDC-08-C-00158), the Cowden Endowment in Microbiology at Northern Arizona University and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (award number AI065359). This work was also supported by the Science Foundation of Ireland (award number 05/FE1/B882) (MA), the NIAID NIH HHS (award number N01 AI-30071) (ME JR), the Malagasy Ministry of Health (contract Nu 01/95 IDA 2252-MAG) (FC LR BWR SC) and the French Cooperation (FAC Nu 94008 300) (FC LR BWR SC). |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Phylogénie
Spatial Epidemiology Yersinia pestis Epidemiology [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] Minisatellite Repeats L73 - Maladies des animaux Santé publique Polymerase Chain Reaction MESH: Madagascar Dynamique des populations Cluster Analysis 2. Zero hunger Genetics 0303 health sciences Molecular Epidemiology MESH: Molecular Typing lcsh:Public aspects of medicine MESH: Polymorphism Single Nucleotide 3. Good health SNP genotyping Bacterial Pathogens Épidémiologie Phylogeography Infectious Diseases Xenopsylla cheopis MESH: Phylogeography S50 - Santé humaine Genetic Epidemiology Génotype Genre humain Research Article DNA Bacterial Génétique moléculaire Séquence nucléotidique lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Distribution géographique lcsh:RC955-962 MESH: Yersinia pestis Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis Biology Plague (disease) Polymorphism Single Nucleotide Microbiology MESH: Plague Infectious Disease Epidemiology 03 medical and health sciences MESH: Analysis of Variance Madagascar Humans MESH: Molecular Epidemiology Central Highlands Genotyping Microbial Pathogens Transmission des maladies 030304 developmental biology Analysis of Variance Plague Bacterial Evolution MESH: Humans Molecular epidemiology Population Biology 030306 microbiology Pulicidae Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Bacteriology lcsh:RA1-1270 MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction biology.organism_classification MESH: Cluster Analysis MESH: DNA Bacterial QR Molecular Typing Emerging Infectious Diseases Evolutionary biology Microbial Evolution MESH: Minisatellite Repeats Rat RA |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, 2011, 5 (9), pp.e1319. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0001319⟩ PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 9, p e1319 (2011) |
| ISSN: | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001319⟩ |
| Popis: | Background Plague was introduced to Madagascar in 1898 and continues to be a significant human health problem. It exists mainly in the central highlands, but in the 1990s was reintroduced to the port city of Mahajanga, where it caused extensive human outbreaks. Despite its prevalence, the phylogeography and molecular epidemiology of Y. pestis in Madagascar has been difficult to study due to the great genetic similarity among isolates. We examine island-wide geographic-genetic patterns based upon whole-genome discovery of SNPs, SNP genotyping and hypervariable variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci to gain insight into the maintenance and spread of Y. pestis in Madagascar. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed a set of 262 Malagasy isolates using a set of 56 SNPs and a 43-locus multi-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) system. We then analyzed the geographic distribution of the subclades and identified patterns related to the maintenance and spread of plague in Madagascar. We find relatively high levels of VNTR diversity in addition to several SNP differences. We identify two major groups, Groups I and II, which are subsequently divided into 11 and 4 subclades, respectively. Y. pestis appears to be maintained in several geographically separate subpopulations. There is also evidence for multiple long distance transfers of Y. pestis, likely human mediated. Such transfers have resulted in the reintroduction and establishment of plague in the port city of Mahajanga, where there is evidence for multiple transfers both from and to the central highlands. Conclusions/Significance The maintenance and spread of Y. pestis in Madagascar is a dynamic and highly active process that relies on the natural cycle between the primary host, the black rat, and its flea vectors as well as human activity. Author Summary Plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, has been a problem in Madagascar since it was introduced in 1898. It mainly affects the central highlands, but also has caused several large outbreaks in the port city of Mahajanga, after it was reintroduced there in the 1990s. Despite its prevalence, the genetic diversity and related geographic distribution of different genetic groups of Y. pestis in Madagascar has been difficult to study due to the great genetic similarity among isolates. We subtyped a set of Malagasy isolates and identified two major genetic groups that were subsequently divided into 11 and 4 subgroups, respectively. Y. pestis appears to be maintained in several geographically separate subpopulations. There is also evidence for multiple long distance transfers of Y. pestis, likely human mediated. Such transfers have resulted in the reintroduction and establishment of plague in the port city of Mahajanga where there is evidence for multiple transfers both from and to the central highlands. The maintenance and spread of Y. pestis in Madagascar is a dynamic and highly active process that relies on the natural cycle between the primary host, the black rat, and its flea vectors as well as human activity. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|