Application of CNTF or FGF-2 increases the number of M2-like macrophages after optic nerve injury in adult Rana pipiens
| Autor: | Giam S. Vega-Meléndez, Rosa E. Blanco, Jonathan M. Blagburn, Clarissa Del Cueto, Valeria De La Rosa-Reyes |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Physiology medicine.medical_treatment Ciliary neurotrophic factor Lipid Inclusions Fibroblast growth factor Biochemistry White Blood Cells Nerve Fibers Endocrinology 0302 clinical medicine Animal Cells Nerve Growth Factor Medicine and Health Sciences Macrophage Axon Neurons 0303 health sciences Cytoplasmic Inclusions Multidisciplinary biology Neurochemistry Immunohistochemistry medicine.anatomical_structure Retinal ganglion cell Cell Processes Optic nerve Medicine Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Cellular Types Anatomy Cellular Structures and Organelles Neurochemicals Research Article medicine.medical_specialty Immune Cells Science Immunology 03 medical and health sciences Phagocytosis Ocular System Growth Factors Internal medicine medicine Animals Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor 030304 developmental biology Blood Cells Endocrine Physiology Macrophages Growth factor Rana pipiens Biology and Life Sciences Optic Nerve Cell Biology Axons Microscopy Electron 030104 developmental biology Nerve growth factor Optic Nerve Injuries Cellular Neuroscience Vacuoles biology.protein 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Immunostaining Neuroscience |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e0209733 (2019) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0209733 |
| Popis: | We have previously shown that a single application of the growth factors ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) to the crushed optic nerve of the frog, Rana pipiens, increases the numbers and elongation rate of regenerating retinal ganglion cell axons. Here we investigate the effects of these factors on the numbers and types of macrophages that invade the regeneration zone. In control PBS-treated nerves, many macrophage-like cells are present 100 μm distal to the crush site at 1 week after injury; their numbers halve by 2 weeks. A single application of CNTF at the time of injury triples the numbers of macrophages at 1 week, with this increase compared to control being maintained at 2 weeks. Application of FGF-2 is equally effective at 1 week, but the macrophage numbers have fallen to control levels at 2 weeks. Immunostaining with a pan-macrophage marker, ED1, and a marker for M2-like macrophages, Arg-1, showed that the proportion of the putative M2 phenotype remained at approximately 80% with all treatments. Electron microscopy of the macrophage-like cells at 1 week shows strong phagocytic activity with all treatments, with many vacuoles containing axon fragments and membrane debris. At 2 weeks with PBS or FGF-2 treatment the remaining macrophage-like cells are less phagocytically active, containing mainly lipid inclusions. With CNTF treatment, at 2 weeks many of the more numerous macrophages are still phagocytosing axonal debris, although they also contain lipid inclusions. We conclude that the increase in macrophage influx seen after growth factor application is beneficial for the regenerating axons, probably due to more extensive removal of degenerating distal axons, but also perhaps to secretion of growth-promoting substances. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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