Genetic, autoimmune, and clinical characteristics of childhood- and adult-onset type 1 diabetes
| Autor: | Pasi I. Salmela, Mikael Knip, Paula Vähäsalo, E Sabbah, K. Savola, T Ebeling, Petri Kulmala, Jorma Ilonen |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2000 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Blood Glucose Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Population Hospitals University Islets of Langerhans chemistry.chemical_compound HLA-DQ Antigens Internal medicine Diabetes mellitus Internal Medicine medicine HLA-DQ beta-Chains Humans Age of Onset Child education Alleles Finland Autoantibodies Glycated Hemoglobin Advanced and Specialized Nursing Autoimmune disease Type 1 diabetes education.field_of_study C-Peptide Glutamate Decarboxylase business.industry Body Weight Histocompatibility Antigens Class II Autoantibody medicine.disease Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 chemistry Immunology Female Base excess Glycated hemoglobin Age of onset business |
| Zdroj: | Diabetes Care. 23:1326-1332 |
| ISSN: | 1935-5548 0149-5992 |
| Popis: | OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there are any differences in genetic, autoimmune, or clinical features between type 1 diabetes presenting in childhood and that diagnosed later. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 352 individuals (252 children and adolescents or =20 years of age) manifesting clinical signs of type 1 diabetes over a period of 7.5 years at a university hospital in northern Finland with a primary catchment area population of approximately 300,000. The patients were analyzed for susceptible and protective HLA-DQB1 alleles (*02, *0302, *0301, *0602, *0603, and *0604), islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies, and antibodies to GAD and IA-2 (IA-2A). Their clinical symptoms and signs were recorded at diagnosis. RESULTS: The adult patients carried the high-risk DQB1*02/0302 genotype less frequently than the children and more often had protective genotypes. They also had a decreased frequency of all 4 single autoantibody specificities and of multiple (> or =3) autoantibodies. The proportion of patients testing negative for all autoantibodies was lower among the children than among the adults. IA-2A were associated with the DQB1*0302/x genotype in both the children and adults, and the same held true for ICA among the adults. The adults were characterized by a higher proportion of males, a longer duration of symptoms, and a lower frequency of infections during the preceding 3 months. In addition, they had a higher relative body weight on admission and milder signs of metabolic decompensation (higher pH, base excess, and bicarbonate concentrations) and a lower glycated hemoglobin level at diagnosis than the children. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes before the age of 20 years is associated with a strong HLA-defined genetic disease susceptibility, an intensive humoral immune response to various beta-cell antigens, a higher frequency of preceding infections, and a shorter duration of symptoms and more severe metabolic decompensation at diagnosis. Taken together, these observations suggest that the age at clinical onset of type 1 diabetes is determined by the intensity of the beta-cell-destructive process, which is modulated by both genetic and environmental factors. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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