Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections: a review
| Autor: | Katherine N. Moore, Marilyn K Albers, Rene A. Day |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Urinary system Urinary Bladder Distal Urethra Urine urologic and male genital diseases Microbiology Urethra Risk Factors Pressure medicine Humans General Nursing Cross Infection Infection Control biology business.industry Bacterial Infections General Medicine biology.organism_classification Enterobacteriaceae female genital diseases and pregnancy complications Perineum Urodynamics medicine.anatomical_structure Enterococcus Urogenital diaphragm Urinary Tract Infections Female Urinary Catheterization business Bacteria |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Clinical Nursing. 11:568-574 |
| ISSN: | 1365-2702 0962-1067 |
| Popis: | Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is not well-understood. In this paper, we review the current understanding of UTIs, particularly in relationship to individuals using intermittent catheterization. Relationships exist between the human host, infectious agent and the environment. In the human host, the urethra connects the bladder to potential infectious agents on the perineum. A high-pressure zone exists within the urethra at a point where the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm. This zone creates a natural barrier to ascent of organisms colonized in the distal urethra and the bladder itself has natural defences against invading organisms. The interaction of host defences with bacteria (infectious agent) determines whether or not the bacteria persist. A small number of bacteria and some types of bacteria are controlled more effectively by natural bladder defence mechanisms and frequent bladder emptying than a large number of bacteria. Escherichia coli, coliforms and enterococci are considered common bacterial causes of UTIs and are found in high numbers on the perineum. Intermittent catheterization is an effective way of bladder emptying but as an invasive procedure it remains a risk factor in the development of UTI. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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