Symmetry Transformations in Metazoan Evolution and Development
| Autor: | Nickolay V. Kasyanov, V. V. Isaeva |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Metamerism (biology)
animal structures Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) hedgehog General Mathematics media_common.quotation_subject hox Asymmetry Wnt 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Computer Science (miscellaneous) Glide reflection BMP Segmentation 030304 developmental biology media_common Physics 0303 health sciences lcsh:Mathematics Symmetry in biology lcsh:QA1-939 axial body plan Body plan Chemistry (miscellaneous) Evolutionary biology nodal Symmetry (geometry) Axial symmetry 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Symmetry, Vol 13, Iss 160, p 160 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2073-8994 |
| Popis: | In this review, we consider transformations of axial symmetry in metazoan evolution and development, the genetic basis, and phenotypic expressions of different axial body plans. In addition to the main symmetry types in metazoan body plans, such as rotation (radial symmetry), reflection (mirror and glide reflection symmetry), and translation (metamerism), many biological objects show scale (fractal) symmetry as well as some symmetry-type combinations. Some genetic mechanisms of axial pattern establishment, creating a coordinate system of a metazoan body plan, bilaterian segmentation, and left–right symmetry/asymmetry, are analysed. Data on the crucial contribution of coupled functions of the Wnt, BMP, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways (all pathways are designated according to the abbreviated or full names of genes or their protein products; for details, see below) and the axial Hox-code in the formation and maintenance of metazoan body plans are necessary for an understanding of the evolutionary diversification and phenotypic expression of various types of axial symmetry. The lost body plans of some extinct Ediacaran and early Cambrian metazoans are also considered in comparison with axial body plans and posterior growth in living animals. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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