Lead and mercury exposure in populations on the banks of the Bogotá River: a multi-method study
| Autor: | Clara I Sánchez-Infante, Alvaro J. Idrovo, Sonia M. Díaz, Marcela E. Varona-Uribe |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | Spanish; Castilian |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Irrigation
salud ambiental water pollution MeSH NLM) [public health (source] Zinc protoporphyrin Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health chemistry.chemical_element environmental health MERCURY EXPOSURE Mercury (element) contaminación del agua chemistry.chemical_compound Health problems Geography chemistry Heavy metals DeCS BIREME) [salud pública (fuente] Environmental health Population study Multi method Water pollution Metales pesados |
| Zdroj: | Revista de Salud Pública, Volume: 21, Issue: 1, Pages: 1-8, Published: 20 OCT 2020 |
| Popis: | RESUMEN Objetivos Este estudio buscó comprender la problemática sanitaria asociada con la presencia de plomo y mercurio en el agua del río Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio mixto con entrevistas, encuesta y mediciones de zinc protoporfirina (ZPP) y mercurio en sangre a 172 individuos. Se identificaron variables asociadas con las mayores concentraciones, y mediante análisis comparativo cualitativo los atributos de los casos con mayor exposición. Resultados Las entrevistas reportaron que la contaminación del río se asocia con enfermedades, pese a que la exposición directa al agua no es frecuente. El agua del río es usada ampliamente para riego de cultivos que se venden en otros municipios. Las comunidades con mayor exposición al agua del río son de Tocaima y Girardot. Los mayores niveles de ZPP se observaron entre quienes vivían en estos municipios, con ocupación hogar y que realizaban actividades extralaborales con metales. Los niveles elevados de ZPP se asociaron con depresión, sangrado nasal y pérdida del apetito. Las mayores concentraciones de mercurio se presentaron entre habitantes de Girardot. Estas se asociaron con sudoración, desorientación, náuseas y diarrea. Conclusión Se presentaron bajos niveles de plomo y mercurio en la población estudiada, aunque hay casos específicos con alta vulnerabilidad social que requieren atención especial. ABSTRACT Objectives This study sought to understand the health problems associated with the presence of lead and mercury in the water of the Bogotá River. Materials and Methods A mixed methods study was conducted using interviews, surveys and measurements of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and mercury in blood from 172 individuals. Variables associated with the highest concentrations were identified, as well as the attributes of the cases with increased exposure by means of a qualitative comparative analysis. Results Interviews reported that river pollution is associated with diseases, although direct exposure to water is rare. River water is widely used for irrigation of crops that are sold in other municipalities. Communities with greater exposure to river water are Tocaima and Girardot. The highest levels of ZPP were observed among those living in these municipalities, did activities at home and performed non-work activities using metals. Increased ZPP levels were associated with depression, nasal bleeding and loss of appetite. The highest concentrations of mercury were found in the inhabitants of Girardot, and were associated with sweating, disorientation, nausea and diarrhea. Conclusion Low levels of lead and mercury were observed in the study population, although there are specific cases with high social vulnerability that require special attention. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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