Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration Based on PCL and Mg-Containing Bioactive Glasses
| Autor: | Marco Boi, Mauro Petretta, Brunella Grigolo, Milena Fini, Matteo Berni, Valeria Cannillo, Alessandro Gambardella, Carola Cavallo, Nicola Baldini, Devis Bellucci, Gregorio Marchiori, M C Maltarello |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Petretta M., Gambardella A., Boi M., Berni M., Cavallo C., Marchiori G., Maltarello M.C., Bellucci D., Fini M., Baldini N., Grigolo B., Cannillo V. |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Biocompatibility
QH301-705.5 0206 medical engineering Composite number bioactive glasses 02 engineering and technology Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells Biology Bone tissue Article Therapeutic ions General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology law.invention chemistry.chemical_compound Tissue engineering law medicine PCL therapeutic ions magnesium composite scaffolds human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells tissue engineering bone Bioactive glasses Bone Composite scaffolds Magnesium Viability assay Biology (General) Bioactive glasse Elastic modulus Composite scaffold General Immunology and Microbiology Therapeutic ion technology industry and agriculture 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 020601 biomedical engineering medicine.anatomical_structure chemistry Bioactive glass Polycaprolactone 0210 nano-technology General Agricultural and Biological Sciences Biomedical engineering Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell |
| Zdroj: | Biology; Volume 10; Issue 5; Pages: 398 Biology, Vol 10, Iss 398, p 398 (2021) Biology |
| ISSN: | 2079-7737 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/biology10050398 |
| Popis: | Simple Summary Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a bioresorbable and biocompatible polymer that has been widely used in long-term implants. However, when it comes to regenerative medicine, PCL suffers from some shortcomings such as a slow degradation rate, poor mechanical properties, and low cell adhesion. The incorporation of ceramics such as bioactive glasses into the PCL matrix has yielded a class of hybrid biomaterials with remarkably improved mechanical properties, controllable degradation rates, and enhanced bioactivity, which are suitable for bone tissue engineering. The use of conventional approaches (such as solvent casting and particulate leaching, phase separation, electrospinning, freeze drying, etc.) in realizing these composite scaffolds strongly affects the control of both the internal and the external architecture of scaffolds, including pore size, pore morphology, and overall structure porosity. Accordingly, 3D printing was used in this study because of the benefits offered over conventional methods, such as high flexibility in shape and size, high reproducibility, capabilities of precise control over internal architecture down to the microscale level, and a customized design that can be tailored to specific patient needs. The optimization of the scaffold structure was previously investigated in terms of architecture through the combination of the Taguchi method and CAD drawing, and, in this study, it was investigated by varying the composition of the composite material. Abstract Polycaprolactone (PCL) is widely used in additive manufacturing for the construction of scaffolds for tissue engineering because of its good bioresorbability, biocompatibility, and processability. Nevertheless, its use is limited by its inadequate mechanical support, slow degradation rate and the lack of bioactivity and ability to induce cell adhesion and, thus, bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we fabricated 3D PCL scaffolds reinforced with a novel Mg-doped bioactive glass (Mg-BG) characterized by good mechanical properties and biological reactivity. An optimization of the printing parameters and scaffold fabrication was performed; furthermore, an extensive microtopography characterization by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy was carried out. Nano-indentation tests accounted for the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, whereas SBF tests and cytotoxicity tests using human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were performed to evaluate the bioactivity and in vitro viability. Our results showed that a 50/50 wt% of the polymer-to-glass ratio provides scaffolds with a dense and homogeneous distribution of Mg-BG particles at the surface and roughness twice that of pure PCL scaffolds. Compared to pure PCL (hardness H = 35 ± 2 MPa and Young’s elastic modulus E = 0.80 ± 0.05 GPa), the 50/50 wt% formulation showed H = 52 ± 11 MPa and E = 2.0 ± 0.2 GPa, hence, it was close to those of trabecular bone. The high level of biocompatibility, bioactivity, and cell adhesion encourages the use of the composite PCL/Mg-BG scaffolds in promoting cell viability and supporting mechanical loading in the host trabecular bone. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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