Long-standing LPG subsidies, cooking fuel stacking, and personal exposure to air pollution in rural and peri-urban Ecuador
| Autor: | Carlos F. Gould, Samuel B. Schlesinger, M. Lorena Bejarano, Alfredo Valarezo, Darby Jack, Emilio Molina |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Pollution
Male Rural Population 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Epidemiology media_common.quotation_subject air pollution Air pollution 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology medicine.disease_cause Firewood 01 natural sciences Liquefied petroleum gas Agricultural economics Article chemistry.chemical_compound personal exposure medicine Humans Cooking 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common Family Characteristics clean cooking Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Subsidy Environmental Exposure Petroleum chemistry fine particulate matter Stove Air Pollution Indoor Environmental science Female Particulate Matter Ecuador Rural area |
| Zdroj: | Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology |
| ISSN: | 1559-064X 1559-0631 |
| Popis: | Ecuador presents a unique case study for evaluating personal air pollution exposure in a middle-income country where a clean cooking fuel has been available at low cost for several decades. We measured personal PM2.5 exposure, stove use, and participant location during a 48-h monitoring period for 157 rural and peri-urban households in coastal and Andean Ecuador. While nearly all households owned a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and used it as their primary cooking fuel, one-quarter of households utilized firewood as a secondary fuel and 10% used induction stoves secondary to LPG. Stove use monitoring demonstrated clear within- and across-meal fuel stacking patterns. Firewood-owning participants had higher distributions of 48-h and 10-min PM2.5 exposure as compared with primary LPG and induction stove users, and this effect became more pronounced with firewood use during monitoring.Accounting for within-subject clustering, contemporaneous firewood stove use was associated with 101 μg/m3 higher 10-min PM2.5 exposure (95% CI: 94–108 μg/m3). LPG and induction cooking events were largely not associated with contemporaneous PM2.5 exposure. Our results suggest that firewood use is associated with average and short-term personal air pollution exposure above the WHO interim-I guideline, even when LPG is the primary cooking fuel. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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