The importance of having two X chromosomes
| Autor: | Tuck Ngun, Jingyuan Li, Karen Reue, Yuichiro Itoh, Xuqi Chen, Eric Vilain, Mansoureh Eghbali, Shayna M. Williams-Burris, Negar Ghahramani, Arthur P. Arnold, Jenny C. Link |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male sex differences obesity X Chromosome Genotype sexual differentiation Biology Cardiovascular Medical and Health Sciences General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology X-inactivation X hyperactivation 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Sex Factors Genetics Animals Gonadal Steroid Hormones Skewed X-inactivation X chromosome Klinefelter Evolutionary Biology Sexual differentiation Dosage compensation Barr body Articles Biological Sciences 030104 developmental biology Heart Disease Gene Expression Regulation Female ischaemia General Agricultural and Biological Sciences 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Sex linkage |
| Zdroj: | Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, vol 371, iss 1688 |
| Popis: | Historically, it was thought that the number of X chromosomes plays little role in causing sex differences in traits. Recently, selected mouse models have been used increasingly to compare mice with the same type of gonad but with one versus two copies of the X chromosome. Study of these models demonstrates that mice with one X chromosome can be strikingly different from those with two X chromosomes, when the differences are not attributable to confounding group differences in gonadal hormones. The number of X chromosomes affects adiposity and metabolic disease, cardiovascular ischaemia/reperfusion injury and behaviour. The effects of X chromosome number are likely the result of inherent differences in expression of X genes that escape inactivation, and are therefore expressed from both X chromosomes in XX mice, resulting in a higher level of expression when two X chromosomes are present. The effects of X chromosome number contribute to sex differences in disease phenotypes, and may explain some features of X chromosome aneuploidies such as in Turner and Klinefelter syndromes. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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