Reconstruction of 16th-17th century lead smelting processes on the basis of slag properties : a case study from Sławków, Poland
| Autor: | Krzysztof Kupczak, Rafał Warchulski, Monika Szczuka |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
reconstruction Willemite 010501 environmental sciences engineering.material 010502 geochemistry & geophysics 01 natural sciences melt modelling Mineral redox buffer Anglesite silver smelting slags 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Lead oxide lead Metallurgy zinc Slag Geology Melilite archaeology Lead smelting Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology visual_art Smelting engineering visual_art.visual_art_medium archaeometry |
| Zdroj: | Minerals Volume 10 Issue 11 |
| Popis: | The study focuses on the reconstruction of the technological process in the 16th&ndash 17th century lead smelter in Sławkó w based on chemical and petrographic analyzes of slags. There are three main types of material at the landfill: glassy, crystalline, and weathered. Glassy slags are made of amorphous phase in which crystals of pyroxene, willemite, olivine, wü stite, and lead oxide appear. Crystalline slags are composed of wollastonite, rankinite, melilite, anorthite, quartz, and Fe oxides. Weathered slags have a composition similar to glassy slags, but they also contain secondary phases: anglesite and cerussite. Chemical analyzes confirmed that the smelter used sulphide ores, which were roasted, and the main addition to the charge was quartz sand. The smelting process took place in a brick-built furnace, under reducing conditions, with varied oxygen fugacity ranging from WM to MH buffer. The slag characteristics show a knowledge of the workers in the field of smelting methods. The addition of SiO2 allowed for the binding of elements that could contaminate the obtained lead, and at the same time, the low melting point of the material (1150 ° C) and the melt viscosity (log&eta = 1.34 for 1150 ° C) was maintained, enabling the effective separation of liquid lead. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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