Restorative potential of (−)-epicatechin in a rat model of Gulf War illness muscle atrophy and fatigue
Autor: | Guillermo Ceballos, Benjamín Gómez-Díaz, Israel Ramirez-Sanchez, Ana Lilia Cedeño-Garcidueñas, Modesto Lara-Hernandez, Aldo Moreno-Ulloa, Viridiana Navarrete-Yañez, Alejandra Garate-Carrillo, Judith Espinosa-Raya, Francisco Villarreal |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Male
medicine.medical_specialty medicine.medical_treatment Science Metabolic disorders Wistar Inflammation Muscle Development Article Catechin Atrophy Internal medicine medicine Metabolomics Animals Humans Persian Gulf Syndrome Rats Wistar Treadmill Muscle Skeletal Fatigue Multidisciplinary Animal business.industry Skeletal muscle Skeletal medicine.disease Muscle atrophy Rats Disease Models Animal Muscular Atrophy Endocrinology Cytokine medicine.anatomical_structure Disease Models Dietary Supplements Metabolome Muscle Medicine Pyridostigmine Bromide medicine.symptom business Blood sampling |
Zdroj: | Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021) Scientific reports, vol 11, iss 1 Scientific Reports |
ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
Popis: | We examined in a rat model of Gulf War illness (GWI), the potential of (−)-epicatechin (Epi) to reverse skeletal muscle (SkM) atrophy and dysfunction, decrease mediators of inflammation and normalize metabolic perturbations. Male Wistar rats (n = 15) were provided orally with pyridostigmine bromide (PB) 1.3 mg/kg/day, permethrin (PM) 0.13 mg/kg/day (skin), DEET 40 mg/kg/day (skin) and were physically restrained for 5 min/day for 3 weeks. A one-week period ensued to fully develop the GWI-like profile followed by 2 weeks of either Epi treatment at 1 mg/kg/day by gavage (n = 8) or water (n = 7) for controls. A normal, control group (n = 15) was given vehicle and not restrained. At 6 weeks, animals were subjected to treadmill and limb strength testing followed by euthanasia. SkM and blood sampling was used for histological, biochemical and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine and metabolomics assessments. GWI animals developed an intoxication profile characterized SkM atrophy and loss of function accompanied by increases in modulators of muscle atrophy, degradation markers and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Treatment of GWI animals with Epi yielded either a significant partial or full normalization of the above stated indicators relative to normal controls. Plasma metabolomics revealed that metabolites linked to inflammation and SkM waste pathways were dysregulated in the GWI group whereas Epi, attenuated such changes. In conclusion, in a rat model of GWI, Epi partially reverses detrimental changes in SkM structure including modulators of atrophy, inflammation and select plasma metabolites yielding improved function. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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