Mandible-Powered Escape Jumps in Trap-Jaw Ants Increase Survival Rates during Predator-Prey Encounters
| Autor: | Fredrick J. Larabee, Andrew V. Suarez |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Foraging lcsh:Medicine Context (language use) Escape response Mandible Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Predation Mandible (arthropod mouthpart) 03 medical and health sciences Escape Reaction Animals lcsh:Science Predator 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Multidisciplinary Ecology Ants lcsh:R biology.organism_classification Biological Evolution Biomechanical Phenomena Survival Rate Predatory Behavior lcsh:Q Antlion Odontomachus brunneus Research Article |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 5, p e0124871 (2015) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Animals use a variety of escape mechanisms to increase the probability of surviving predatory attacks. Antipredator defenses can be elaborate, making their evolutionary origin unclear. Trap-jaw ants are known for their rapid and powerful predatory mandible strikes, and some species have been observed to direct those strikes at the substrate, thereby launching themselves into the air away from a potential threat. This potential escape mechanism has never been examined in a natural context. We studied the use of mandible-powered jumping in Odontomachus brunneus during their interactions with a common ant predator: pit-building antlions. We observed that while trap-jaw ant workers escaped from antlion pits by running in about half of interactions, in 15% of interactions they escaped by mandible-powered jumping. To test whether escape jumps improved individual survival, we experimentally prevented workers from jumping and measured their escape rate. Workers with unrestrained mandibles escaped from antlion pits significantly more frequently than workers with restrained mandibles. Our results indicate that some trap-jaw ant species can use mandible-powered jumps to escape from common predators. These results also provide a charismatic example of evolutionary co-option, where a trait that evolved for one function (predation) has been co-opted for another (defense). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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