Observations and model estimates of diurnal water temperature dynamics in mosquito breeding sites in western Kenya
| Autor: | Adrie F. G. Jacobs, Willem Takken, Marcel Dicke, Albert A. M. Holtslag, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Krij P. Paaijmans, Andrew K. Githeko |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit
reservoir village Meteorology and Air Quality Energy balance Evaporation aquatic stages highlands Land cover survival Water balance habitats land-cover Mean radiant temperature Laboratory of Entomology malaria transmission Water Science and Technology Hydrology Energy budget PE&RC Laboratorium voor Entomologie Waves and shallow water Habitat Environmental science culicidae larvae anopheles-gambiae diptera |
| Zdroj: | Hydrological Processes 22 (2008) 24 Hydrological Processes, 22(24), 4789-4801 |
| ISSN: | 0885-6087 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/hyp.7099 |
| Popis: | Water temperature is an important determinant of the growth and development of malaria mosquito immatures. To gain a better understanding of the daily temperature dynamics of malaria mosquito breeding sites and of the relationships between meteorological variables and water temperature, three clear water pools (diameter × depth: 0·16 × 0·04, 0·32 × 0·16 and 0·96 × 0·32 m) were created in Kenya. Continuous water temperature measurements at various depths were combined with weather data collections from a meteorological station. The water pools were homothermic, but the top water layer differed by up to about 2 °C in temperature, depending on weather conditions. Although the daily mean temperature of all water pools was similar (27·4-28·1 °C), the average recorded difference between the daily minimum and maximum temperature was 14·4 °C in the smallest versus 7·1 °C in the largest water pool. Average water temperature corresponded well with various meteorological variables. The temperature of each water pool was continuously higher than the air temperature. A model was developed that predicts the diurnal water temperature dynamics accurately, based on the estimated energy budget components of these water pools. The air-water interface appeared the most important boundary for energy exchange processes and on average 82-89% of the total energy was gained and lost at this boundary. Besides energy loss to longwave radiation, loss due to evaporation was high; the average estimated daily evaporation ranged from 4·2 mm in the smallest to 3·7 mm in the largest water pool |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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