Innate and adaptive immunity cooperate flexibly to maintain host-microbiota mutualism
Autor: | Elena F. Verdu, Kathy D. McCoy, Maaike Stoel, Andrew J. Macpherson, Markus B. Geuking, Bruce Beutler, Premysl Bercik, Thomas F. Tedder, Bärbel Stecher, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt, Siegfried Hapfelmeier, Emma Slack, Yuliya Velykoredko, Melissa A. E. Lawson |
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Rok vydání: | 2009 |
Předmět: |
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Lymphoid Tissue animal diseases Colony Count Microbial Bacteremia chemical and pharmacologic phenomena Biology Permeability Article 03 medical and health sciences Classical complement pathway Mice 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Intestinal mucosa Immunity Enterococcus faecalis Animals Germ-Free Life Intestinal Mucosa 030304 developmental biology Respiratory Burst 0303 health sciences Multidisciplinary Innate immune system Bacteria Escherichia coli K12 Innate lymphoid cell Toll-Like Receptors CCL18 Bacterial Infections biochemical phenomena metabolism and nutrition Acquired immune system Antibodies Bacterial Immunity Innate Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms Intestines Mice Inbred C57BL Immunology bacteria Spleen 030215 immunology Signal Transduction |
Zdroj: | Science (New York N.Y.) |
DOI: | 10.1126/science.1172747 |
Popis: | Maintaining Mutual Ignorance Our gut is colonized by trillions of bacteria that do not activate the immune system because of careful compartmentalization. Such compartmentalization means that our immune system is “ignorant” of these microbes and thus it has been proposed that loss of compartmentalization might result in an immune response to the colonizing bacteria. Microorganisms are sensed by cells that express pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, which recognize patterns specific to those microbes. Slack et al. (p. 617 ) show that Toll-like receptor–dependent signaling is required to maintain compartmentalization of bacteria to the gut of mice. In the absence of Toll-dependent signaling, intestinal bacteria disseminated throughout the body and the mice mounted a high-titer antibody response against them. This antibody response was of great functional importance because, despite the loss of systemic ignorance to intestinal microbes, the mice were tolerant of the bacteria. Thus, in the absence of innate immunity, the adaptive immune system can compensate so that host and bacterial mutualism can be maintained. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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