The Role of Insulin Resistance and Diabetes in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Autor: Hideki Fujii, Norifumi Kawada, Japan Study Group of NAFLD (JSG-NAFLD)
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
medicine.medical_specialty
Cirrhosis
Review
digestive system
Gastroenterology
Catalysis
lcsh:Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Insulin resistance
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fibrosis
insulin resistance
Internal medicine
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Diabetes Mellitus
Animals
Humans
Medicine
hepatic fibrosis
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
lcsh:QH301-705.5
Molecular Biology
Spectroscopy
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
Fatty liver
nutritional and metabolic diseases
hepatocellular carcinoma
General Medicine
medicine.disease
digestive system diseases
Computer Science Applications
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Biology (General)
lcsh:QD1-999
inflammation
stellate cell
Hepatic stellate cell
030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
Steatosis
business
Hepatic fibrosis
Zdroj: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 3863, p 3863 (2020)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113863
Popis: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease in patients without significant alcohol consumption, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis, with NASH recently shown as an important cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a close relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and NAFLD, with a five-fold higher prevalence of NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to that in patients without T2DM. IR is involved in the progression of disease conditions such as steatosis and NASH, as well as hepatic fibrosis progression. The mechanisms underlying these processes involve genetic factors, hepatic fat accumulation, alterations in energy metabolism, and inflammatory signals derived from various cell types including immune cells. In NASH-associated fibrosis, the principal cell type responsible for extracellular matrix production is the hepatic stellate cell (HSC). HSC activation by IR involves “direct” and “indirect” pathways. This review will describe the molecular mechanisms of inflammation and hepatic fibrosis in IR, the relationship between T2DM and hepatic fibrosis, and the relationship between T2DM and HCC in patients with NAFLD.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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