Characterization of the Murine C3a Receptor Enhancer-Promoter: Expression Control by an Activator Protein 1 Sequence and an Ets-Like Site
| Autor: | Brian K. Martin, Carol B. Martin |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Molecular Sequence Data
Immunology Negative regulatory element Regulatory Sequences Nucleic Acid Biology Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 Proto-Oncogene Proteins Immunology and Allergy Binding site Promoter Regions Genetic Enhancer Transcription factor Regulation of gene expression Reporter gene Base Sequence Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets Membrane Proteins DNA Molecular biology Receptors Complement Transcription Factor AP-1 Enhancer Elements Genetic Gene Expression Regulation Regulatory sequence Mutagenesis Site-Directed GATA transcription factor Transcription Initiation Site Transcription Factors |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Immunology. 175:3123-3132 |
| ISSN: | 1550-6606 0022-1767 |
| DOI: | 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.3123 |
| Popis: | The complement anaphylatoxins, C3a and C5a, exert their effects by binding to their respective receptors. A number of studies have implicated these proteins in human disease, yet little is known about anaphylatoxin receptor gene regulation. In this report, we demonstrate that most of the regulatory functions in the murine C3aR gene lie within 50 bp of the transcription start site. This region is critical for macrophage expression but does not have activity in a nonexpressing melanoma cell line. Within this small region are putative consensus binding sites for AP-1, NF-κB, Ets, and GATA transcription factors. Lack of a corresponding NF-κB site in the human sequence and lack of DNA binding activity in macrophage nuclear extracts suggests that the NF-κB site is nonfunctional. Luciferase data demonstrate that the GATA site functions as a negative regulatory element in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The AP-1 and Ets sites are critical for C3aR reporter gene expression, such that when each is mutated, a significant loss of activity is observed. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these sequences cooperate to mediate both basal and LPS-induced expression of C3aR. Interestingly, EMSA analyses demonstrate that the AP-1 site binds to c-Jun, and in vivo footprinting shows a typical footprint in this site, but the Ets site does not have a “typical” Ets footprint and does not bind to Ets-1/2 proteins in RAW 264.7 extracts. These data suggest that, although the control region for C3aR is small, interaction of several transcription factors can lead to complex patterns of gene regulation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|