Popis: |
A study was carried out with objectives of determining the effect of various levels of FYM and inorganic nitrogen on vegetative growth, yield and quality (total carotenoids, vitamin C and nitrate concentration) of kale in temperate region of Kashmir valley during 2010 and 2011.The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were four levels of FYM (0, 15, 30 and 45 t ha-1) and four levels of inorganic nitrogen (0, 45, 90 and 135 kg ha-1). The addition of various rates of FYM and inorganic nitrogen that were tested significantly improved vegetative growth and increased leaf yield of kale. The yield obtained from plant grown with inorganic nitrogen was generally higher than from those with FYM. The incorporation of either FYM or inorganic nitrogen increased total carotenoids during both the years. The Farm Yard Manure at high levels (45 t ha-1) increased vitamin C while as application of Inorganic Nitrogen at 0 to 135 kg ha-1decreased vitamin C content during both the years. Results revealed that Farm Yard Manure application produced quality vegetables in terms of low nitrate concentration as compared to inorganic nitrogen. REFERENCES Ahmed S, Beigh S,H. 2009. Ascorbic acid, Carotenoids, Total Phenolic content and Antioxidant activity of various genotypes of Brassicaoleraceaacephala. Journal of Medical Biological Sciences, 3(1): 1-8. Anga, M.A. 2001. Studies on the effect of mineral and biofertilization on yield and quality of spinach.M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agricutural Alexander University, Vegetable Crops Department. Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris.Plant Physiology.24:1-15. A.O.A.C.1980. Methods of Analysis.Nitrogen. W. Horwitz (ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington DC. A.O.A.C.1984. Official Methods of Analysis 14th edition. Association of official analytical chemists,Washington D. C., p-844-845. Babik, I. and Elkner, K. 2002. The effect of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on yield and quality of broccoli. In: Proc. Eco. Fertil. Veg. ActaHorticulturae, 571: 33–43. Boteva , H.M. 2009. Variation in yield and quality of spinach produced at different mineral nutrition. ActaHorticultuare,830: 413-417. Chweya, J.A. 1984. Yield and quality of kale as affected by nitrogen side dressing spacing and supplememtary irrigation. ActaHorticulturae163: 295-301. Dufault, R.J. 1987. Use of slow-release nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in celery transplant production. Hortscience, 22(6): 1268-1270. Esawy Mahmoud., Abd EL-Kader, N., Robin, P., Akkal-Corfini, N. and Abd El-Rahman, L. 2009.Effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on cucumber yield and some soil properties.World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5 (4): 408-414. Fadigas, J.C., Santos, A.M.P., Jesus, R. M. Lima, D.C, Fragoso, W.D. David, J. M. and Ferreira, S. L. C. 2010.Use of multivariate analysis techniques for the characterization of analytical results for the determination of the mineral composition of kale. Microchemical Journal, 96: 352-356. Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. 1984. Statistical procedures for Agricultural Research Wiley international publishers, New York, pp. 306. Gulser, F. 2005. Effect of Ammonium sulphate and urea on NO3_ andNO2- accumualtion, nutrient contents and yield criteria in spinach.Scientia Horticulture, 106 (3) : 330-340. Hammad, S.A., Abou-Seeda, M. A., El- Ghamry, A. M. and Selim, E. M.2007. Nitrate accumulation in spinach plant by using N-fertilizer types in alluvial soil. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 3 (7): 511-518. Mirjana, H. C., Marija, H. and Maija, P. 2009. Nitrogen influences protein nutritional quality in red Head Chicory. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32(4): 598-609. Murage, E.N. 1989. The effect of Nitrogen rates on growth, leaf yield and nitrite quality of black night shade M.Sc Thesis University of Nairobi, Kenya. Musa.A., Matthew, I. S. E., Johnson, A. O., Helmina, O. A. and Emmanuel, O. O. 2010.Effect of soil nitrogen levels on some micronutrients, antinutrients and toxic substances in CorchorusOlitorius grown in Minna, Nigeria.African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(22): 3075-3081. Nillson, T. 1979. Yield storage ability, quality and chemical composition of carrots, cabbage and leeks at conventional and organic fertilizing. ActaHorticulturae, 93: 209-216. Onyango,C.N., Harbinson, J., Imungi, J. k., Shibairo, S.S. and Kooten, O.V. 2012. Influence of organic and mineral fertilization on germination, leaf nitrogen, nitrate accumulation and yield of vegetable amaranth. Journal of plant Nutrition 35:342-365. Richardson, S. J. and Hardgrave, M. 1992. Effect of temperature, carbon dioxide enrichment, nitrogen form and rate of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and nitrate content of two varieties of glasshouse lettuce. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 59 (3): 345-349. Salisbury, F.B. and Ross, C. W.1991. Plant Physiology.CBS Publishers and Distributors. Delhi. Sharma, V. K. and Dayal, B. 2005. Effect of organic and inorganic source of nitrogen on growth, yield and nutrient uptake under cowpea, linseed cropping system. Legume Research, 28(2) : 79-80. Vogtmann,H., Matthies, K., Kehres, B. and Meier-Ploeger, A.1993.Enhanced food quality: Effects of compost on the quality of plant foods. Compost Science and Utilization, 1:82–100. Williams,C.M.2002.Nutritional quality of organic food: Shades of grey or shades of green. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,61:19–24. |