Time-Dependent Protective and Pro-Resolving Effects of FPR2 Agonists on Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Microglia Cells Involve Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways
| Autor: | Monika Leśkiewicz, Kinga Tylek, Magdalena Regulska, Agnieszka Basta-Kaim, Natalia Bryniarska, Katarzyna Curzytek, Enza Lacivita, Marcello Leopoldo, Ewa Trojan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharide QH301-705.5 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases Anti-Inflammatory Agents microglia Stimulation aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 Article Formyl peptide receptor 2 Rats Sprague-Dawley chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Animals Biology (General) Phosphorylation Receptors Lipoxin Cells Cultured Inflammation Membrane Potential Mitochondrial Microglia Chemistry lipoxin A4 lipopolysaccharide NF-kappa B General Medicine Lipid signaling Cell biology Rats medicine.anatomical_structure formyl peptide receptor 2 MR-39 Tumor necrosis factor alpha Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | Cells Volume 10 Issue 9 Cells, Vol 10, Iss 2373, p 2373 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2073-4409 |
| Popis: | Prolonged or excessive microglial activation may lead to disturbances in the resolution of inflammation (RoI). The importance of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in RoI has been highlighted. Among them, lipoxins (LXA4) and aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 (AT-LXA4) mediate beneficial responses through the activation of N-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2). We aimed to shed more light on the time-dependent protective and anti-inflammatory impact of the endogenous SPMs, LXA4, and AT-LXA4, and of a new synthetic FPR2 agonist MR-39, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rat microglial cells. Our results showed that LXA4, AT-LXA4, and MR-39 exhibit a protective and pro-resolving potential in LPS-stimulated microglia, even if marked differences were apparent regarding the time dependency and efficacy of inhibiting particular biomarkers. The LXA4 action was found mainly after 3 h of LPS stimulation, and the AT-LXA4 effect was varied in time, while MR-39′s effect was mainly observed after 24 h of stimulation by endotoxin. MR-39 was the only FPR2 ligand that attenuated LPS-evoked changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and diminished the ROS and NO release. Moreover, the LPS-induced alterations in the microglial phenotype were modulated by LXA4, AT-LXA4, and MR-39. The anti-inflammatory effect of MR-39 on the IL-1β release was mediated through FPR2. All tested ligands inhibited TNF-α production, while AT-LXA4 and MR-39 also diminished IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated microglia. The favorable action of LXA4 and MR-39 was mediated through the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. AT-LXA4 and MR39 diminished the phosphorylation of the transcription factor NF-κB, while AT-LXA4 also affected p38 kinase phosphorylation. Our results suggest that new pro-resolving synthetic mediators can represent an attractive treatment option for the enhancement of RoI, and that FPR2 can provide a perspective as a target in immune-related brain disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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